熊猫数据透视表文档似乎建议使用多索引处理多于两个维度的数据:
In [1]: import pandas as pd
In [2]: import numpy as np
In [3]: import pandas.util.testing as tm; tm.N = 3
In [4]: def unpivot(frame):
...: N, K = frame.shape
...: data = {'value' : frame.values.ravel('F'),
...: 'variable' : np.asarray(frame.columns).repeat(N),
...: 'date' : np.tile(np.asarray(frame.index), K)}
...: return pd.DataFrame(data, columns=['date', 'variable', 'value'])
...:
In [5]: df = unpivot(tm.makeTimeDataFrame())
In [6]: df
Out[6]:
date variable value value2
0 2000-01-03 A 0.462461 0.924921
1 2000-01-04 A -0.517911 -1.035823
2 2000-01-05 A 0.831014 1.662027
3 2000-01-03 B -0.492679 -0.985358
4 2000-01-04 B -1.234068 -2.468135
5 2000-01-05 B 1.725218 3.450437
6 2000-01-03 C 0.453859 0.907718
7 2000-01-04 C -0.763706 -1.527412
8 2000-01-05 C 0.839706 1.679413
9 2000-01-03 D -0.048108 -0.096216
10 2000-01-04 D 0.184461 0.368922
11 2000-01-05 D -0.349496 -0.698993
In [7]: df['value2'] = df['value'] * 2
In [8]: df.pivot('date', 'variable')
Out[8]:
value value2 \
variable A B C D A B
date
2000-01-03 -1.558856 -1.144732 -0.234630 -1.252482 -3.117712 -2.289463
2000-01-04 -1.351152 -0.173595 0.470253 -1.181006 -2.702304 -0.347191
2000-01-05 0.151067 -0.402517 -2.625085 1.275430 0.302135 -0.805035
variable C D
date
2000-01-03 -0.469259 -2.504964
2000-01-04 0.940506 -2.362012
2000-01-05 -5.250171 2.550861
我认为 xarray 是为处理这样的多维数据集而设计的:
In [9]: import xarray as xr
In [10]: xr.DataArray(dict([(var, df[df.variable==var].drop('variable', 1)) for var in np.unique(df.variable)]))
Out[10]:
<xarray.DataArray ()>
array({'A': date value value2
0 2000-01-03 0.462461 0.924921
1 2000-01-04 -0.517911 -1.035823
2 2000-01-05 0.831014 1.662027, 'C': date value value2
6 2000-01-03 0.453859 0.907718
7 2000-01-04 -0.763706 -1.527412
8 2000-01-05 0.839706 1.679413, 'B': date value value2
3 2000-01-03 -0.492679 -0.985358
4 2000-01-04 -1.234068 -2.468135
5 2000-01-05 1.725218 3.450437, 'D': date value value2
9 2000-01-03 -0.048108 -0.096216
10 2000-01-04 0.184461 0.368922
11 2000-01-05 -0.349496 -0.698993}, dtype=object)
这些方法中的一种是否比另一种更好?为什么 xarray 没有完全取代多索引?