sql - SQL 按月、按用户、按位置计算居住天数

Question

我正在查询一家康复组织，其中租户（客户/患者）刚到时住在一栋大楼里，随着治疗的进展，他们搬到另一栋大楼，当他们接近治疗结束时，他们在第三栋楼。

出于资金目的，我们需要知道租户每个月在每栋大楼里住了多少晚。我可以使用 DateDiff 来获取总晚数，但是如何获取每个建筑物每个月每个客户的总晚数？

例如，John Smith 在 A 楼 9/12-11/3；11/3-15 搬到 B 楼；搬到 C 楼并仍然在那里：11/15 - 今天

什么查询会返回一个结果，显示他在：9 月、10 月和 11 月的建筑 A 中度过的夜晚数。十一月 B 楼十一月 C 楼

两张表保存客户的姓名、建筑物名称和搬入日期和搬出日期

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[clients](
[ID] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
[First_Name] [nvarchar](100) NULL,
[Last_Name] [nvarchar](100) NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]

--populate w/ two records  
insert into clients (ID,First_name, Last_name)
values ('A2938', 'John', 'Smith')

insert into clients (ID,First_name, Last_name)
values ('A1398', 'Mary', 'Jones')




CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Buildings](
[ID_U] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
[Move_in_Date_Building_A] [datetime] NULL,
[Move_out_Date_Building_A] [datetime] NULL,
[Move_in_Date_Building_B] [datetime] NULL,
[Move_out_Date_Building_B] [datetime] NULL,
[Move_in_Date_Building_C] [datetime] NULL,
[Move_out_Date_Building_C] [datetime] NULL,
[Building_A] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
[Building_B] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
[Building_C] [nvarchar](50) NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]


-- Populate the tables with two records
insert into buildings (ID_U,Move_in_Date_Building_A,Move_out_Date_Building_A, Move_in_Date_Building_B,
Move_out_Date_Building_B, Move_in_Date_Building_C, Building_A, Building_B, Building_C)
VALUES ('A2938','2010-9-12', '2010-11-3','2010-11-3','2010-11-15', '2010-11-15', 'Kalgan', 'Rufus','Waylon')


insert into buildings (ID_U,Move_in_Date_Building_A,Building_A)
VALUES ('A1398','2010-10-6', 'Kalgan')

谢谢你的帮助。

score 2 · Accepted Answer

我会使用正确规范化的数据库模式，您的 Buildings 表没有这样的用处。拆分后，我相信得到你的答案会很容易。

编辑（和更新）：这是一个 CTE，它将采用这种奇怪的表结构并将其拆分为更规范的形式，显示用户 ID、建筑物名称、搬入和搬出日期。通过对您想要的（和使用DATEPART()等）进行分组，您应该能够获得所需的数据。

WITH User_Stays AS (
    SELECT
        ID_U,
        Building_A Building,
        Move_in_Date_Building_A Move_In,
        COALESCE(Move_out_Date_Building_A, CASE WHEN ((Move_in_Date_Building_B IS NULL) OR (Move_in_Date_Building_C<Move_in_Date_Building_B)) AND (Move_in_Date_Building_C>Move_in_Date_Building_A) THEN Move_in_Date_Building_C WHEN Move_in_Date_Building_B>=Move_in_Date_Building_A THEN Move_in_Date_Building_B END, GETDATE()) Move_Out
    FROM dbo.Buildings 
    WHERE Move_in_Date_Building_A IS NOT NULL   
    UNION ALL
    SELECT
        ID_U, 
        Building_B,
        Move_in_Date_Building_B, 
        COALESCE(Move_out_Date_Building_B, CASE WHEN ((Move_in_Date_Building_A IS NULL) OR (Move_in_Date_Building_C<Move_in_Date_Building_A)) AND (Move_in_Date_Building_C>Move_in_Date_Building_B) THEN Move_in_Date_Building_C WHEN Move_in_Date_Building_A>=Move_in_Date_Building_B THEN Move_in_Date_Building_A END, GETDATE())
    FROM dbo.Buildings 
    WHERE Move_in_Date_Building_B IS NOT NULL
    UNION ALL
    SELECT
        ID_U, 
        Building_C,
        Move_in_Date_Building_C, 
        COALESCE(Move_out_Date_Building_C, CASE WHEN ((Move_in_Date_Building_B IS NULL) OR (Move_in_Date_Building_A<Move_in_Date_Building_B)) AND (Move_in_Date_Building_A>Move_in_Date_Building_C) THEN Move_in_Date_Building_A WHEN Move_in_Date_Building_B>=Move_in_Date_Building_C THEN Move_in_Date_Building_B END, GETDATE())
    FROM dbo.Buildings
    WHERE Move_in_Date_Building_C IS NOT NULL
)
SELECT *
FROM User_Stays
ORDER BY ID_U, Move_In

此查询在您的示例数据上运行会产生以下输出：

ID_U     Building    Move_In                 Move_Out
-------- ----------- ----------------------- -----------------------
A1398    Kalgan      2010-10-06 00:00:00.000 2010-11-23 18:35:59.050
A2938    Kalgan      2010-09-12 00:00:00.000 2010-11-03 00:00:00.000
A2938    Rufus       2010-11-03 00:00:00.000 2010-11-15 00:00:00.000
A2938    Waylon      2010-11-15 00:00:00.000 2010-11-23 18:35:59.050

(4 row(s) affected)

如您所见，从这里开始，分离每个患者或建筑物的天数会容易得多，而且查找特定月份的记录并在这种情况下计算正确的停留时间会容易得多。请注意，CTE 显示仍在建筑物中的患者的当前日期。

编辑（再次）：为了获得所有月份，包括所有相关年份的开始和结束日期，您可以使用这样的 CTE：

WITH User_Stays AS (             
        [...see above...]
    )
,
    Months AS (          
        SELECT  m.IX,
                y.[Year], dateadd(month,(12*y.[Year])-22801+m.ix,0) StartDate, dateadd(second, -1, dateadd(month,(12*y.[Year])-22800+m.ix,0)) EndDate
                FROM    (            
                    SELECT  1 IX UNION ALL 
                    SELECT  2 UNION ALL 
                    SELECT  3 UNION ALL 
                    SELECT  4 UNION ALL 
                    SELECT  5 UNION ALL 
                    SELECT  6 UNION ALL 
                    SELECT  7 UNION ALL 
                    SELECT  8 UNION ALL 
                    SELECT  9 UNION ALL 
                    SELECT  10 UNION ALL 
                    SELECT  11 UNION ALL 
                    SELECT  12 
                )
        m 
            CROSS JOIN (             
                    SELECT  Datepart(YEAR, us.Move_In) [Year] 
                    FROM    User_Stays us UNION 
                    SELECT  Datepart(YEAR, us.Move_Out) 
                    FROM    User_Stays us 
                )
        y 
    )
SELECT  * 
FROM    months;

因此，由于我们现在有了所有可能感兴趣的日期范围的表格表示，我们只需将其连接在一起：

WITH User_Stays AS ([...]),
Months AS ([...])
SELECT  m.[Year],
    DATENAME(MONTH, m.StartDate) [Month],
    us.ID_U,
    us.Building,
    DATEDIFF(DAY, CASE WHEN us.Move_In>m.StartDate THEN us.Move_In ELSE m.StartDate END, CASE WHEN us.Move_Out<m.EndDate THEN us.Move_Out ELSE DATEADD(DAY, -1, m.EndDate) END) Days 
FROM    Months m 
JOIN User_Stays us ON (us.Move_In < m.EndDate) AND (us.Move_Out >= m.StartDate)
ORDER BY m.[Year],
    us.ID_U,
    m.Ix,
    us.Move_In

最终产生这个输出：

Year        Month        ID_U     Building   Days
----------- ------------ -------- ---------- -----------
2010        October      A1398    Kalgan     25
2010        November     A1398    Kalgan     22
2010        September    A2938    Kalgan     18
2010        October      A2938    Kalgan     30
2010        November     A2938    Kalgan     2
2010        November     A2938    Rufus      12
2010        November     A2938    Waylon     8

score 0 · Accepted Answer

-- 设置你想要的月份的日期

Declare @startDate datetime
declare @endDate datetime

set @StartDate = '09/01/2010'
set @EndDate = '09/30/2010'


select 
-- determine if the stay occurred during this month
    Case When @StartDate <= Move_out_Date_Building_A and @EndDate >= Move_in_Date_Building_A
         Then 
                  (DateDiff(d, @StartDate , @enddate+1) 
                   )
-- drop the days off the front
                - (Case When @StartDate <  Move_in_Date_Building_A
                       Then datediff(d, @StartDate, Move_in_Date_Building_A)
                       Else 0
                  End)
--drop the days of the end
                - (Case When @EndDate > Move_out_Date_Building_A
                       Then datediff(d, @EndDate,  Move_out_Date_Building_A)
                       Else 0
                  End)
        Else 0
    End AS Building_A_Days_Stayed
from Clients c 
inner join Buildings b
on c.id = b.id_u

score 0 · Accepted Answer

尝试使用日期表。例如，您可以像这样创建一个：

CREATE TABLE Dates
(
  [date]    datetime,
  [year]    smallint,
  [month]   tinyint,
  [day]     tinyint
)

INSERT INTO Dates(date)
SELECT dateadd(yy, 100, cast(row_number() over(order by s1.object_id) as datetime))
FROM sys.objects s1
  CROSS JOIN sys.objects s2

UPDATE Dates
SET [year] = year(date),
    [month] = month(date),
    [day] = day(date)

只需修改初始 Dates 人口以满足您的需求（在我的测试实例中，上面生成的日期从 2000-01-02 到 2015-10-26）。使用日期表，查询非常简单，如下所示：

select c.First_name, c.Last_name,
    b.Building_A BuildingName, dA.year, dA.month, count(distinct dA.day) daysInBuilding
from clients c
    join Buildings b on c.ID = b.ID_U
    left join Dates dA on dA.date between b.Move_in_Date_Building_A and isnull(b.Move_out_Date_Building_A, getDate())
group by c.First_name, c.Last_name,
    b.Building_A, dA.year, dA.month
UNION
select c.First_name, c.Last_name,
    b.Building_B, dB.year, dB.month, count(distinct dB.day)
from clients c
    join Buildings b on c.ID = b.ID_U
    left join Dates dB on dB.date between b.Move_in_Date_Building_B and isnull(b.Move_out_Date_Building_B, getDate())
group by c.First_name, c.Last_name,
    b.Building_B, dB.year, dB.month
UNION
select c.First_name, c.Last_name,
    b.Building_C, dC.year, dC.month, count(distinct dC.day)
from clients c
    join Buildings b on c.ID = b.ID_U
    left join Dates dC on dC.date between b.Move_in_Date_Building_C and isnull(b.Move_out_Date_Building_C, getDate())
group by c.First_name, c.Last_name,
    b.Building_C, dC.year, dC.month

score 0 · Accepted Answer

如果您无法重组 Building 表，您可以创建一个查询，为您对其进行规范化并允许更轻松的计算：

SELECT "A" as Building, BuidlingA as Name, Move_in_Date_Building_A as MoveInDate, 
Move_out_Date_Building_A As MoveOutDate
UNION
SELECT "B", BuidlingB, Move_in_Date_Building_B, Move_out_Date_Building_B 
 UNION
SELECT "C", BuidlingC, Move_in_Date_Building_C, Move_out_Date_Building_C

sql - SQL 按月、按用户、按位置计算居住天数

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