9

遍历经典数据结构并停在链表上。刚刚实现了一个循环单链表,但我的印象是这个列表可以用更优雅的方式表达,特别是 remove_node 函数。考虑到效率和代码可读性,有人可以为单链循环列表提供更简洁有效的解决方案吗?

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>


struct node{
    struct node* next;
    int value;
};


struct list{
    struct node* head;
};


struct node* init_node(int value){
    struct node* pnode;
    if (!(pnode = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node)))){
        return NULL;
    }
    else{
        pnode->value = value;   
    }
    return pnode;
}

struct list* init_list(){
    struct list* plist;
    if (!(plist = (struct list*)malloc(sizeof(struct list)))){
        return NULL;        
    }
    plist->head = NULL;
    return plist;
}


void remove_node(struct list*a plist, int value){

    struct node* current, *temp;
    current = plist->head;
    if (!(current)) return; 
    if ( current->value == value ){
        if (current==current->next){
            plist->head = NULL; 
            free(current);
        }
        else {
            temp = current;
            do {    
                current = current->next;    
            } while (current->next != plist->head);

            current->next = plist->head->next;
            plist->head = current->next;
            free(temp);
        }
    }
    else {
        do {
            if (current->next->value == value){
                temp = current->next;
                current->next = current->next->next;
                free(temp);
            }
            current = current->next;
        } while (current != plist->head);
    }
}

void print_node(struct node* pnode){
    printf("%d %p %p\n", pnode->value, pnode, pnode->next); 
}
void print_list(struct list* plist){

    struct node * current = plist->head;

    if (!(current)) return;
    if (current == plist->head->next){
        print_node(current);
    }
    else{
        do {
            print_node(current);
            current = current->next;

        } while (current != plist->head);
    }

}

void add_node(struct node* pnode,struct list* plist){

    struct node* current;
    struct node* temp;
    if (plist->head == NULL){
        plist->head = pnode;
        plist->head->next = pnode;
    }
    else {
        current = plist->head;
        if (current == plist->head->next){
            plist->head->next = pnode;
            pnode->next = plist->head;      
        }
        else {
            while(current->next!=plist->head)
                current = current->next;

            current->next = pnode;
            pnode->next = plist->head;
        }

    }
}
4

4 回答 4

5

看一下Linux内核源码中的循环链表:http: //lxr.linux.no/linux+v2.6.36/include/linux/list.h

它的美妙之处在于您没有一个特殊的结构来让您的数据适合列表,您只需要将 包含struct list_head *在您想要作为列表的结构中。用于访问列表中项目的宏将处理偏移量计算,以从struct list_head指向数据的指针中获取。

可以在 kernelnewbies.org/FAQ/LinkedLists 找到对内核中使用的链表的更详细解释(对不起,我没有足够的业力来发布两个超链接)。

编辑:嗯,列表是一个双链表,而不是像你一样的单链表,但你可以采用这个概念并创建你自己的单链表。

于 2010-11-21T01:52:32.620 回答
2

当您将列表头视为列表的元素(所谓的“哨兵”)时,列表处理(尤其是循环列表)会变得更加容易。很多特殊情况就消失了。您可以为哨兵使用虚拟节点,但如果下一个指针在结构中的第一个,您甚至不需要这样做。另一个大技巧是在修改列表时保留指向前一个节点的下一个指针的指针(以便以后修改它)。把它们放在一起,你会得到:

struct node* get_sentinel(struct list* plist)
{
    // use &plist->head itself as sentinel!
    // (works because struct node starts with the next pointer)
    return (struct node*) &plist->head;
}

struct list* init_list(){
    struct list* plist;
    if (!(plist = (struct list*)malloc(sizeof(struct list)))){
        return NULL;        
    }
    plist->head = get_sentinel(plist);
    return plist;
}

void add_node_at_front(struct node* pnode,struct list* plist){
    pnode->next = plist->head;
    plist->head = pnode;
}

void add_node_at_back(struct node* pnode,struct list* plist){
    struct node *current, *sentinel = get_sentinel(plist);

    // search for last element
    current = plist->head;
    while (current->next != sentinel)
        current = current->next;

    // insert node
    pnode->next = sentinel;
    current->next = pnode;
}

void remove_node(struct list* plist, int value){
    struct node **prevnext, *sentinel = get_sentinel(plist);
    prevnext = &plist->head; // ptr to next pointer of previous node
    while (*prevnext != sentinel) {
        struct node *current = *prevnext;
        if (current->value == value) {
            *prevnext = current->next; // remove current from list
            free(current); // and free it
            break; // we're done!
        }
        prevnext = &current->next;
    }
}

void print_list(struct list* plist){
    struct node *current, *sentinel = get_sentinel(plist);
    for (current = plist->head; current != sentinel; current = current->next)
        print_node(current);
}
于 2010-11-21T04:21:11.243 回答
1

几点评论:

  • 我认为当您删除头节点并且列表大于 3 个元素时,remove 函数无法正确调整循环列表指针。由于列表是循环的,您必须将列表中的最后一个节点指向新的头。
  • 您可以通过创建“find_node”函数稍微缩短删除函数。然而,由于列表是循环的,仍然存在删除头节点的边缘情况,这将比非循环列表更复杂。
  • 代码“美”在旁观者的眼中。随着代码的运行,您的代码很容易阅读和理解,这在野外击败了很多代码。
于 2010-11-21T01:54:11.617 回答
0

我使用以下内容创建一个动态循环单链表。它所需要的只是尺寸。

Node* createCircularLList(int size)
{
    Node *it; // to iterate through the LList
    Node *head;

    // Create the head /1st Node of the list
    head = it = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
    head->id = 1;

    // Create the remaining Nodes (from 2 to size)
    int i;
    for (i = 2; i <= size; ++i) {
        it->next = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node)); // create next Node
        it = it->next;                          // point to it
        it->id = i;                             // assign its value / id
        if (i == 2)
            head->next = it; // head Node points to the 2nd Node
    }
    // close the llist by having the last Node point to the head Node
    it->next = head;

    return head;    // return pointer to start of the list
}

Node这样定义ADT:

typedef struct Node {
    int id;
    struct Node *next;
} Node;
于 2017-03-14T09:57:46.867 回答