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这个问题是关于 Common Lispsetf宏,以及它如何评估它的参数形式(和子形式)——也就是说,如果它们碰巧出现不止一次,则只有一次。(这也是对Using get-setf-expansion评论中给出的示例的部分跟进。)

;create a list of two hash tables
* (defparameter hts (list (make-hash-table) (make-hash-table)))
HTS
* hts
(#<HASH-TABLE :TEST EQL :COUNT 0 {1007F76CB3}>
 #<HASH-TABLE :TEST EQL :COUNT 0 {1007F77103}>)

;define a function that swaps the position of the two hash tables
* (defun next-ht (hts) 
    (rotatef (first hts) (second hts))
    (second hts))
NEXT-HT

交换:

;now do a swap to verify it works
* (next-ht hts)
#<HASH-TABLE :TEST EQL :COUNT 0 {1007F76CB3}>
* hts
(#<HASH-TABLE :TEST EQL :COUNT 0 {1007F77103}>
 #<HASH-TABLE :TEST EQL :COUNT 0 {1007F76CB3}>)

;and swap them back
* (next-ht hts)
#<HASH-TABLE :TEST EQL :COUNT 0 {1007F77103}>
* hts
(#<HASH-TABLE :TEST EQL :COUNT 0 {1007F76CB3}>
 #<HASH-TABLE :TEST EQL :COUNT 0 {1007F77103}>)

进一步测试:

;then set different values for a key in each table
* (setf (gethash 0 (first hts)) 11)
11
* (setf (gethash 0 (second hts)) 22)
22
* hts
(#<HASH-TABLE :TEST EQL :COUNT 1 {1007F76CB3}>
 #<HASH-TABLE :TEST EQL :COUNT 1 {1007F77103}>)

;finally execute a setf with a swapping side-effect
* (setf (gethash 0 (next-ht hts)) (1+ (gethash 0 (next-ht hts))))
23

;but it looks like hts has been swapped twice
;back to its original state
* hts
(#<HASH-TABLE :TEST EQL :COUNT 1 {1007F76CB3}>
 #<HASH-TABLE :TEST EQL :COUNT 1 {1007F77103}>)

;also, where did the initial value of 11 go?
* (gethash 0 (first hts))
23
T
* (gethash 0 (second hts))
22
T
*

有人可以澄清发生了什么吗?另外,setf带有副作用的表达式是什么意思?

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1 回答 1

4

为什么不对setf表格进行宏展开?这里是 LispWorks:

CL-USER 32 > (pprint (macroexpand '(setf (gethash 0 (next-ht hts))
                                         (1+ (gethash 0 (next-ht hts))))))

(LET* ((#:|key1014| 0)
       (#:|table1015| (NEXT-HT HTS))
       (#:|default1016| NIL)
       (#:|store1017| (1+ (GETHASH 0 (NEXT-HT HTS)))))
  (SYSTEM::%PUTHASH #:|key1014| #:|table1015| #:|store1017|))

它有什么作用?

  • 获取键值
  • 获取哈希表,调用NEXT-HT
  • 获取默认值,未使用
  • 获取新值,调用NEXT-HT
  • 使用一些特定于实现的方式将新的键/值存储到哈希表中

所以很明显NEXT-HT被调用了两次。

它背后的粗略(!)概念模型是什么?

  • setf 将检查第一个表达式。
  • 它是什么?哦,是的gethash,让我为它设置setter表单
  • 然后 setter 表单将从第一个表单评估必要的子表单
  • 然后它将计算新值
  • 将使用这些参数调用 setter 运算符。

例子:

CL-USER 62 > (setf (gethash (print 0)
                            (print (next-ht hts))
                            (print 1))
                   (print (1+ (print (gethash 0
                                              (print (next-ht hts))
                                              2)))))

0 
#<EQL Hash Table{1} 402000137B> 
1 
#<EQL Hash Table{0} 4020001573> 
2 
3 
3   ; return value
于 2017-02-18T19:49:23.430 回答