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当您需要访问堆栈中“下方”的参数时,处理将调用函数的返回地址置于堆栈中的任何参数之上的最佳方法是什么?我正在使用 S12 摩托罗拉/飞思卡尔处理器。(S12 有:16 位 D 寄存器,由 A 和 B 寄存器组成,每个寄存器有 8 位。X 和 Y 索引寄存器各 16 位,一个程序计数器和一个堆栈指针)代码示例如下:

MAIN ORG    $1500        ;Set the start of the program 
     LDD    #SomeValue   ;Load the D register with a value
     PSHD                ;Push D onto the stack
     JSR    ROUTINE      ;Go to the subroutine - pushes the PC to the SP
END_MAIN    END

ROUTINE     
     PULD                ;Pull the top of the stack into the D register
                         ;D now holds the address for returning to the 
                         ;main function. 
     PSHD                ;Push the return address back onto the stack
END_ROUTINE RTS          ;Return to Main routine

问题是堆栈的顶部保存着下一条指令的地址,这使得操作变得困难。例如,如果我需要一个位于地址下方的参数,我将不得不手动调整 SP(这看起来相当 hacky)或者我将不得不拉出堆栈的顶部并将其存储在一个寄存器中向上空间。最后一种方法的一个转折是将返回地址存储在一个变量中,不幸的是,这里声明的变量是全局范围的,感觉并不理想。

ReturnAddress EQU $2000        ;Declare variable at address $2000
STD           ReturnAddress    ;Store the D register's contents in variable

还有其他我在这里看不到的选择吗?

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多亏了 Jester 的一些输入,能够观察堆栈中发生的事情并使用其中包含的参数是相当简单的。我编写了一个简单的程序来演示按值和引用传递参数。

QUOTIENT    EQU     $1000       ;Variable to hold our QUOTIENT
REMAINDER   EQU     $1002       ;Variable to hold our REMAINDER

MAIN        ORG     $2000       ;Set the start of the program
            LDD     #!50        ;Load the D register with a value (16 bits)
            PSHD                ;Push D onto the stack (16 bits)
            LDD     #!10        ;Load the D register with a value (16 bits)
            PSHD                ;Push D onto the stack (16 bits)
            LDD     #QUOTIENT   ;Load the D register with an address (16 bits)
            PSHD                ;Push D onto the stack (16 bits)
            LDD     #REMAINDER  ;Load the D register with an address (16 bits)
            PSHD                ;Push D onto the stack (16 bits)
            JSR     DIVIDE      ;Push the PC onto the stack (16 bits).
            LEAS $0A, SP         ;Instead of PULD 5x, thanks Jester
END_MAIN    END


;******************************************************************************;
;DIVIDE - This routine expects the following parameters to be on the stack:
; STACK
;( 0 ) - (16 bits for return address)
;( 2 ) - (16 bits of address to store the REMAINDER (ANSWER var reference))
;( 4 ) - (16 bits of address to store the QUOTIENT (ANSWER var reference))
;( 6 ) - (16 bits for divisor)
;( 8 ) - (16 bits for dividend)
;******************************************************************************;
DIVIDE      LDD     8,SP       ;Loads the dividend (50)
            LDX     6,SP       ;Loads the divisor (10)
            IDIV               ;Divide
            LDY     4,SP       ;Get the address of the Quotient
            STX     0,Y        ;Store at that address
            LDY     2,SP       ;Get the address of the remainder
            STD     0,Y        ;Store at that address
END_DIVIDE  RTS
于 2017-01-25T21:39:16.753 回答