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我正在尝试在 C# 中创建一个具有不可导出私有的自签名证书，用于加密/解密对称密钥。

现在我最初的尝试是使用充气城堡，另见上一篇文章。现在这行不通，因为我没有发现将私钥明确设置为不可导出的任何运气。

继续前进，我发现了以下堆栈溢出帖子。还在这篇文章的底部发布了我从那里得到的代码。

出于我的目的，我将删除扩展密钥使用部分，将 X509PrivateKeyExportFlags 更改为不可导出并将 X509CertificateEnrollmentContext 更改为 CurrentUser Context。但是，当我这样做时，我得到：

CertEnroll::CX509CertificateRequestCertificate::InitializeFromPrivateKey: 参数不正确。0x80070057 (WIN32: 87 ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER)

希望有人能帮助我。

删除旧代码 - 请参阅下面的当前版本

编辑：当前状态

 public static X509Certificate2 CreateSelfSignedCertificate(string subjectName)
    {
        // create DN for subject and issuer
        var dn = new CX500DistinguishedName();
        dn.Encode("CN=" + subjectName, X500NameFlags.XCN_CERT_NAME_STR_NONE);

        // create a new private key for the certificate
        CX509PrivateKey privateKey = new CX509PrivateKey();
        privateKey.ProviderName = "Microsoft Base Cryptographic Provider v1.0";
        privateKey.MachineContext = false;
        privateKey.Length = 2048;
        privateKey.KeySpec = X509KeySpec.XCN_AT_KEYEXCHANGE; // use is not limited
        privateKey.ExportPolicy = X509PrivateKeyExportFlags.XCN_NCRYPT_ALLOW_EXPORT_NONE;
        privateKey.Create();

        // Use the stronger SHA512 hashing algorithm
        var hashobj = new CObjectId();
        hashobj.InitializeFromAlgorithmName(ObjectIdGroupId.XCN_CRYPT_HASH_ALG_OID_GROUP_ID,
            ObjectIdPublicKeyFlags.XCN_CRYPT_OID_INFO_PUBKEY_ANY,
            AlgorithmFlags.AlgorithmFlagsNone, "SHA256");

        // Create the self signing request
        var cert = new CX509CertificateRequestCertificate();
        cert.InitializeFromPrivateKey(X509CertificateEnrollmentContext.ContextUser, privateKey, "");
        cert.Subject = dn;
        cert.Issuer = dn; // the issuer and the subject are the same
        cert.NotBefore = DateTime.Now;
        // this cert expires immediately. Change to whatever makes sense for you
        cert.NotAfter = cert.NotBefore.AddYears(5);
        cert.HashAlgorithm = hashobj; // Specify the hashing algorithm

        cert.Encode(); // encode the certificate

        // Do the final enrollment process
        var enroll = new CX509Enrollment();
        enroll.InitializeFromRequest(cert); // load the certificate
        enroll.CertificateFriendlyName = subjectName; // Optional: add a friendly name
        string csr = enroll.CreateRequest(); // Output the request in base64
                                             // and install it back as the response
        enroll.InstallResponse(InstallResponseRestrictionFlags.AllowUntrustedCertificate,
            csr, EncodingType.XCN_CRYPT_STRING_BASE64, ""); // no password
                                                            // output a base64 encoded PKCS#12 so we can import it back to the .Net security classes
        var base64encoded = enroll.CreatePFX("", // no password, this is for internal consumption
            PFXExportOptions.PFXExportChainWithRoot);

        // instantiate the target class with the PKCS#12 data (and the empty password)
        return new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2(
            System.Convert.FromBase64String(base64encoded), "",
            // mark the private key as exportable (this is usually what you want to do)
            System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable
        );
    }

将 KeySpec 更改为“AT_KeyEchange”后，我现在得到：

抛出异常：MyTool.exe 中的“System.Runtime.InteropServices.COMException”抛出异常：MyTool.exe 中的“System.NullReferenceException” CertEnroll::CX509PrivateKey::Create：指定的标志无效。0x80090009 (-2146893815 NTE_BAD_FLAGS)。

我更改了它，因为加密/解密不再起作用，认为这是因为 KeySet 模式，但现在我需要进行更多更改。我假设 hashobject 在这里可能不正确？它不应该像 SHA256withRSA 或类似的东西吗？（在我的充气城堡实现中，我使用了：“SHA256WithRSA”。

还是我错过了其他东西？

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