我最初是从我的平板电脑上写下这个问题的,并且在这样做时采取了很多捷径,我认为最终会导致阅读和/或试图回答这个问题的人感到困惑。
我不是要解决我最初开始的问题。如果您真的想要背景故事,请阅读下一段,否则请跳过它。
造成这种情况的是一些旧代码对表单数据数组进行操作{struct, data, struct, data, ...}
,其中每个数据data
都有任意长度。代码通过指针访问每个结构,当我们切换到 gcc 时,由于未对齐的访问,它开始在 Solaris 中崩溃。解决这个问题的一个想法是改变类型的对齐方式,如下所示,但我可能不会这样做。
要回答的问题可以概括为:
- 文档状态对齐不能用 来减少
aligned
,但我可以用 typedef 来做到这一点。它是否按预期工作? - 如果它按预期工作,为什么它需要 typedef?为什么我不能降低对齐作为结构定义的一部分?
- 注意
typedef struct {...}__attribute__((aligned(1))) Typename;
:它也可以完成
- 注意
这是在 wandbox 上运行的一些示例代码的链接。如果链接失效:
#include <cstdio>
#include <assert.h>
#define ALIGN __attribute__((aligned(1)))
struct Misaligned_1_t { int x; double y; float z; };
struct ALIGN Misaligned_2_t { int x; double y; float z; };
struct Misaligned_3_t { int x; double y; float z; } ALIGN;
// The gcc documentation indicates that the "aligned" attribute
// can only be used to increase alignment, so I was surprised
// to discover this actually works. Why does it work?
typedef Misaligned_1_t ALIGN Aligned_t;
int main( int, char** ) {
char buffer[256];
// The following is meant to simulate a more complicated scenario:
// {SomeStruct, char[arbitrary length], SomeStruct, char[arbitrary length], ...}
// ... where accessing, using and changing each SomeStruct will result in
// misaligned accesses.
auto *m1 = (Misaligned_1_t*)&buffer[1];
auto *m2 = (Misaligned_1_t*)&buffer[1];
auto *m3 = (Misaligned_1_t*)&buffer[1];
auto *a1 = (Aligned_t*)&buffer[1];
// The documentation says we can only reduce alignment with the "packed" attribute,
// but that would change the size/layout of the structs. This is to demonstrate
// that each type is the same size (and should have the same layout).
assert( sizeof(m1) == sizeof(m2)
&& sizeof(m1) == sizeof(m3)
&& sizeof(m1) == sizeof(a1) );
m1->y = 3.14159265358979323846264; // misaligned access
std::printf( "%0.16f\n", m2->y ); // misaligned access
std::printf( "%0.16f\n", m3->y ); // misaligned access
std::printf( "%0.16f\n", a1->y ); // works fine
return 0;
}