我正在学习 Vue，我注意到我在任何地方或多或少都有以下语法。
export default {
components: { Navigation, View1 },
computed: {
classObject: function() {
return {
alert: this.$store.state.environment !== "dev",
info: this.$store.state.environment === "dev"
};
}
}
}
一直写出来很痛苦this.$store.state.donkey，也降低了可读性。我感觉到我正在以一种不太理想的方式来做这件事。我应该如何参考商店的状态？
您可以为状态和吸气剂设置计算属性，即
computed: {
donkey () {
this.$store.state.donkey
},
ass () {
this.$store.getters.ass
},
...
虽然您仍然需要调用 $state.store 一旦您可以在您的虚拟机上引用驴或驴...
为了让事情变得更容易，你可以拉入 vuex 地图助手并使用它们来找到你的屁股......或驴：
import { mapState, mapGetters } from 'vuex'
default export {
computed: {
...mapState([
'donkey',
]),
...mapGetters([
'ass',
]),
...mapGetters({
isMyAss: 'ass', // you can also rename your states / getters for this component
}),
现在如果你看this.isMyAss你会发现它......你的ass
这里值得注意的是，getter、mutations 和 action 是全局的——因此它们在你的 store 中被直接引用，
store.getters即store.commit&store.dispatch。无论它们是在模块中还是在商店的根目录中，这都适用。如果它们在模块中，请检查命名空间以防止覆盖以前使用的名称：vuex docs namespacing。但是，如果您引用的是模块状态，则必须在模块名称前面加上，即store.state.user.firstName在本例user中是一个模块。
编辑 23/05/17
自从撰写本文以来，Vuex 已经更新，它的命名空间功能现在是您使用模块时的首选。只需添加namespace: true到您的模块导出，即
# vuex/modules/foo.js
export default {
namespace: true,
state: {
some: 'thing',
...
将foo模块添加到您的 vuex 商店：
# vuex/store.js
import foo from './modules/foo'
export default new Vuex.Store({
modules: {
foo,
...
然后，当您将此模块拉入您的组件时，您可以：
export default {
computed: {
...mapState('foo', [
'some',
]),
...mapState('foo', {
another: 'some',
}),
...
这使得模块使用起来非常简单和干净，如果您将它们嵌套在多个级别深处，它是一个真正的救星：namespaceing vuex docs
我整理了一个示例小提琴来展示您可以参考和使用 vuex 商店的各种方式：
或查看以下内容：
const userModule = {
state: {
firstName: '',
surname: '',
loggedIn: false,
},
// @params state, getters, rootstate
getters: {
fullName: (state, getters, rootState) => {
return `${state.firstName} ${state.surname}`
},
userGreeting: (state, getters, rootState) => {
return state.loggedIn ? `${rootState.greeting} ${getters.fullName}` : 'Anonymous'
},
},
// @params state
mutations: {
logIn: state => {
state.loggedIn = true
},
setName: (state, payload) => {
state.firstName = payload.firstName
state.surname = payload.surname
},
},
// @params context
// context.state, context.getters, context.commit (mutations), context.dispatch (actions)
actions: {
authenticateUser: (context, payload) => {
if (!context.state.loggedIn) {
window.setTimeout(() => {
context.commit('logIn')
context.commit('setName', payload)
}, 500)
}
},
},
}
const store = new Vuex.Store({
state: {
greeting: 'Welcome ...',
},
mutations: {
updateGreeting: (state, payload) => {
state.greeting = payload.message
},
},
modules: {
user: userModule,
},
})
Vue.component('vuex-demo', {
data () {
return {
userFirstName: '',
userSurname: '',
}
},
computed: {
loggedInState () {
// access a modules state
return this.$store.state.user.loggedIn
},
...Vuex.mapState([
'greeting',
]),
// access modules state (not global so prepend the module name)
...Vuex.mapState({
firstName: state => state.user.firstName,
surname: state => state.user.surname,
}),
...Vuex.mapGetters([
'fullName',
]),
...Vuex.mapGetters({
welcomeMessage: 'userGreeting',
}),
},
methods: {
logInUser () {
this.authenticateUser({
firstName: this.userFirstName,
surname: this.userSurname,
})
},
// pass an array to reference the vuex store methods
...Vuex.mapMutations([
'updateGreeting',
]),
// pass an object to rename
...Vuex.mapActions([
'authenticateUser',
]),
}
})
const app = new Vue({
el: '#app',
store,
})<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vuex"></script>
<div id="app">
<!-- inlining the template to make things easier to read - all of below is still held on the component not the root -->
<vuex-demo inline-template>
<div>
<div v-if="loggedInState === false">
<h1>{{ greeting }}</h1>
<div>
<p><label>first name: </label><input type="text" v-model="userFirstName"></p>
<p><label>surname: </label><input type="text" v-model="userSurname"></p>
<button :disabled="!userFirstName || !userSurname" @click="logInUser">sign in</button>
</div>
</div>
<div v-else>
<h1>{{ welcomeMessage }}</h1>
<p>your name is: {{ fullName }}</p>
<p>your firstName is: {{ firstName }}</p>
<p>your surname is: {{ surname }}</p>
<div>
<label>Update your greeting:</label>
<input type="text" @input="updateGreeting({ message: $event.target.value })">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</vuex-demo>
</div>如您所见，如果您想引入突变或动作，这将以类似的方式完成，但在您的方法中使用mapMutationsormapActions
添加 Mixin
要扩展上述行为，您可以将其与 mixins 结合使用，然后您只需设置一次上述计算属性并在需要它们的组件上拉入 mixin：
动物.js（混合文件）
import { mapState, mapGetters } from 'vuex'
export default {
computed: {
...mapState([
'donkey',
...
你的组件
import animalsMixin from './mixins/animals.js'
export default {
mixins: [
animalsMixin,
],
created () {
this.isDonkeyAnAss = this.donkey === this.ass
...