考虑遵循 Lua 多图示例。
Multimap = {};
function Multimap:__index(key)
if (key == 'keys') then
local ret = {}
for k,_ in pairs(self) do
ret[#ret+1] = k;
end
return ret;
else
return rawget(getmetatable(self), key)
end
end
function Multimap.Create()
local self = {};
setmetatable(self, Multimap);
return self;
end
function Multimap:Insert(key, value)
local list = self[key];
if (list == nil) then
list = {};
self[key] = list;
end
table.insert(list, value);
end
function Multimap:Remove(key, value)
local list = self[key];
assert(list ~= nil, "key not found");
for i = 1,#list do
if (list[i] == value) then
table.remove(list, i);
if (#list == 0) then
self[key] = nil;
end
return;
end
end
error("value not found");
end
-- testing
m = Multimap.Create()
m:Insert(1,5)
m:Insert(2,6)
m:Insert(3,7)
m:Insert(1,8)
m:Remove(2,6)
print(pcall(function()
m:Remove(2,6) -- will produce assert exception
end))
print("keys left: ", table.concat(m.keys, ','))
您可以通过多种方式在 C++ 中实现这一点。
- 使用繁重的 Lua API。下面的代码几乎与 Lua 完全相同。
#include <Lua/src/lua.hpp>
int Multimap_Index(lua_State* L) {
lua_settop(L, 2); // force 2 arguments
const char *key_value = "key";
size_t key_len;
const char *key = lua_tolstring(L, 2, &key_len);
if (!strncmp(key, key_value, strlen(key_value))) {
int i = 0;
lua_newtable(L); // stack : self, key, ret = {}
int ret = lua_gettop(L);
lua_pushnil(L); // stack : self, key, ret, nil
while (lua_next(L, 1) != 0) { // stack : self, key, ret, k, v
lua_pop(L, 1); // stack : self, key, ret, k
lua_len(L, ret); // stack : self, key, ret, k, #ret
lua_pushvalue(L, -2); // stack : self, key, ret, k, #ret, k
lua_rawseti(L, ret, lua_tointeger(L, -2)+1); // ret[#ret+1] = k ; || stack : self, key, ret, k, #ret
lua_pop(L, 1); // stack : self, key, ret, k
}
// stack : self, key, ret
return 1;
}
else {
lua_getmetatable(L, 1); // stack : self, key, metatable(self)
lua_pushvalue(L, 2); // stack : self, key, metatable(self), key
lua_rawget(L, -2); // stack : self, key, metatable(self), rawget(metatable(self), key)
return 1;
}
}
int Multimap_Remove(lua_State* L) {
lua_settop(L, 3); // force 3 arguments: self, key, value
lua_checkstack(L, 12); // reserve 12 arguments on stack (just in case)
lua_pushvalue(L, 2); // stack: self, key, value, key
lua_gettable(L, 1); // stack: self, key, value, list = self[key]
if (lua_isnil(L, -1))
luaL_error(L, "key not found");
lua_len(L, -1); // stack: self, key, value, list, #list
int count = lua_tointeger(L, -1);
lua_pop(L, 1); // stack: self, key, value, list
for (int i = 1; i <= count; ++i) {
lua_rawgeti(L, -1, i); // stack: self, key, value, list, v = list[i]
if (lua_compare(L, 3, 5, LUA_OPEQ)) { // if (list[i] == value)
lua_getglobal(L, "table"); // stack : self, key, value, list, v, table
lua_getfield(L, -1, "remove"); // stack : self, key, value, list, v, table, table.remove
lua_pushvalue(L, 4);
lua_pushinteger(L, i); // stack : self, key, value, list, v, table, table.remove, list, i
lua_call(L, 2, 0); // table.remove(list, i); || stack : self, key, value, list, v, table
lua_pushnil(L);
if (lua_next(L, 4) == 0) { // if list is empty table
lua_pushvalue(L, 2);
lua_pushnil(L);
lua_settable(L, 1); // self[key] = nil
}
return 0;
}
}
luaL_error(L, "value not found");
}
int main() {
auto L = luaL_newstate();
luaL_openlibs(L);
lua_newtable(L);
int Multimap = lua_gettop(L); // Multimap = {}
lua_pushvalue(L, Multimap);
lua_setglobal(L, "Multimap"); // _G.Multimap = Multimap;
// option 1: create a C function for operation
// Multimap.__index = &Multimap_Index
lua_pushcfunction(L, Multimap_Index);
lua_setfield(L, Multimap, "__index");
// option 2: compile Lua code and use it
luaL_loadstring(L,
"local self = {};\n"
"setmetatable(self, Multimap);\n"
"return self;\n"
);
lua_setfield(L, Multimap, "Create"); // Multimap.Create = &Multimap_Create
luaL_loadstring(L,
"local self, key, value = ...;\n" // initialize local variables from parameters here
"local list = self[key];\n"
"if (list == nil) then\n"
" list = {};\n"
" self[key] = list;\n"
"end\n"
"table.insert(list, value);\n"
);
lua_setfield(L, Multimap, "Insert"); // Multimap.Create = &Multimap_Insert
lua_pushcfunction(L, Multimap_Remove);
lua_setfield(L, Multimap, "Remove"); // Multimap.Create = &Multimap_Remove
lua_getfield(L, Multimap, "Create");
lua_call(L, 0, 1);
int m = lua_gettop(L);
lua_getfield(L, m, "Insert"); // stack : m, m.insert
int Insert = lua_gettop(L);
// m.Insert(m, 1, 5)
lua_pushvalue(L, Insert);
lua_pushvalue(L, m);
lua_pushinteger(L, 1);
lua_pushinteger(L, 5);
lua_call(L, 3, 0);
// m.Insert(m, 2, 6)
lua_pushvalue(L, Insert);
lua_pushvalue(L, m);
lua_pushinteger(L, 2);
lua_pushinteger(L, 6);
lua_call(L, 3, 0);
// m.Insert(m, 3, 7)
lua_pushvalue(L, Insert);
lua_pushvalue(L, m);
lua_pushinteger(L, 3);
lua_pushinteger(L, 7);
lua_call(L, 3, 0);
// m.Insert(m, 1, 8)
lua_pushvalue(L, Insert);
lua_pushvalue(L, m);
lua_pushinteger(L, 1);
lua_pushinteger(L, 8);
lua_call(L, 3, 0);
// m.Remove(m, 2, 6)
lua_getfield(L, m, "Remove");
lua_pushvalue(L, m);
lua_pushinteger(L, 2);
lua_pushinteger(L, 6);
lua_call(L, 3, 0);
// m.Remove(m, 2, 6)
lua_getfield(L, m, "Remove");
lua_pushvalue(L, m);
lua_pushinteger(L, 2);
lua_pushinteger(L, 6);
lua_pcall(L, 3, 0, 0);
printf("%s\n", lua_tostring(L, -1));
lua_getglobal(L, "table");
lua_getfield(L, -1, "concat");
lua_getfield(L, m, "keys");
lua_pushstring(L, ",");
lua_call(L, 2, 1);
printf("keys left: %s\n", lua_tostring(L, -1));
lua_close(L);
return 0;
}
- 或者您可以使用使用 std::multimap 的 Lua 用户数据(我需要另一个小时来实现这一点,所以请问您是否真的需要它——这并没有从您的问题中得出)