4

我有一个 PEM 格式证书，其中包含 ASCII/UTF-8 文本中的所有标题。我想只输出证书本身。换句话说，介于以下之间的部分：

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----

和

-----END CERTIFICATE-----

我可以通过简单地从源 pem 文件中剪切和粘贴来做到这一点。但是，我想使用 OpenSSL 来做到这一点。我查看了各种-text -certopt X但我尝试过的都没有只给出证书部分。

有什么方法可以使用 OpenSSL 仅输出编码证书？它是如何完成的？

4

4 回答 4

7

仅从 openssl pem 文件中获取证书部分

不要使用 OpenSSL。相反，请使用cat、awk和sed重定向。

例如：

$ ls *.pem
DigiCertHighAssuranceEVRootCA.pem

$ cat DigiCertHighAssuranceEVRootCA.pem 
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIDxTCCAq2gAwIBAgIQAqxcJmoLQJuPC3nyrkYldzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADBs
MQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzEVMBMGA1UEChMMRGlnaUNlcnQgSW5jMRkwFwYDVQQLExB3
...
Yzi9RKR/5CYrCsSXaQ3pjOLAEFe4yHYSkVXySGnYvCoCWw9E1CAx2/S6cCZdkGCe
vEsXCS+0yx5DaMkHJ8HSXPfqIbloEpw8nL+e/IBcm2PN7EeqJSdnoDfzAIJ9VNep
+OkuE6N36B9K
-----END CERTIFICATE-----

然后，敲击第一行：

$ cat DigiCertHighAssuranceEVRootCA.pem | sed '1,1d'
MIIDxTCCAq2gAwIBAgIQAqxcJmoLQJuPC3nyrkYldzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADBs
MQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzEVMBMGA1UEChMMRGlnaUNlcnQgSW5jMRkwFwYDVQQLExB3
...

并敲打最后一行：

$ cat DigiCertHighAssuranceEVRootCA.pem | sed '$ d'
...
Yzi9RKR/5CYrCsSXaQ3pjOLAEFe4yHYSkVXySGnYvCoCWw9E1CAx2/S6cCZdkGCe
vEsXCS+0yx5DaMkHJ8HSXPfqIbloEpw8nL+e/IBcm2PN7EeqJSdnoDfzAIJ9VNep
+OkuE6N36B9K

把它们放在一起：

$ cat DigiCertHighAssuranceEVRootCA.pem | sed '1,1d' | sed '$ d'
MIIDxTCCAq2gAwIBAgIQAqxcJmoLQJuPC3nyrkYldzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADBs
MQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzEVMBMGA1UEChMMRGlnaUNlcnQgSW5jMRkwFwYDVQQLExB3
...
Yzi9RKR/5CYrCsSXaQ3pjOLAEFe4yHYSkVXySGnYvCoCWw9E1CAx2/S6cCZdkGCe
vEsXCS+0yx5DaMkHJ8HSXPfqIbloEpw8nL+e/IBcm2PN7EeqJSdnoDfzAIJ9VNep
+OkuE6N36B9K

最后，您可以sed通过用分号分隔单独的命令来折叠命令：

$ cat DigiCertHighAssuranceEVRootCA.pem | sed '1,1d;$ d'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现在，我不确定您要做什么-certopt X，因此请谨慎对待...要以可读形式打印证书，请使用-text -noout：

$ cat DigiCertHighAssuranceEVRootCA.pem | openssl x509 -text -noout
Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number:
            02:ac:5c:26:6a:0b:40:9b:8f:0b:79:f2:ae:46:25:77
    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
        Issuer: C = US, O = DigiCert Inc, OU = www.digicert.com, CN = DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA
        Validity
            Not Before: Nov 10 00:00:00 2006 GMT
            Not After : Nov 10 00:00:00 2031 GMT
        Subject: C = US, O = DigiCert Inc, OU = www.digicert.com, CN = DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
                Public-Key: (2048 bit)
                Modulus:
                    00:c6:cc:e5:73:e6:fb:d4:bb:e5:2d:2d:32:a6:df:
                    e5:81:3f:c9:cd:25:49:b6:71:2a:c3:d5:94:34:67:
                    a2:0a:1c:b0:5f:69:a6:40:b1:c4:b7:b2:8f:d0:98:
                    a4:a9:41:59:3a:d3:dc:94:d6:3c:db:74:38:a4:4a:
                    cc:4d:25:82:f7:4a:a5:53:12:38:ee:f3:49:6d:71:
                    91:7e:63:b6:ab:a6:5f:c3:a4:84:f8:4f:62:51:be:
                    f8:c5:ec:db:38:92:e3:06:e5:08:91:0c:c4:28:41:
                    55:fb:cb:5a:89:15:7e:71:e8:35:bf:4d:72:09:3d:
                    be:3a:38:50:5b:77:31:1b:8d:b3:c7:24:45:9a:a7:
                    ac:6d:00:14:5a:04:b7:ba:13:eb:51:0a:98:41:41:
                    22:4e:65:61:87:81:41:50:a6:79:5c:89:de:19:4a:
                    57:d5:2e:e6:5d:1c:53:2c:7e:98:cd:1a:06:16:a4:
                    68:73:d0:34:04:13:5c:a1:71:d3:5a:7c:55:db:5e:
                    64:e1:37:87:30:56:04:e5:11:b4:29:80:12:f1:79:
                    39:88:a2:02:11:7c:27:66:b7:88:b7:78:f2:ca:0a:
                    a8:38:ab:0a:64:c2:bf:66:5d:95:84:c1:a1:25:1e:
                    87:5d:1a:50:0b:20:12:cc:41:bb:6e:0b:51:38:b8:
                    4b:cb
                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Key Usage: critical
                Digital Signature, Certificate Sign, CRL Sign
            X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
                CA:TRUE
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
                B1:3E:C3:69:03:F8:BF:47:01:D4:98:26:1A:08:02:EF:63:64:2B:C3
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
                keyid:B1:3E:C3:69:03:F8:BF:47:01:D4:98:26:1A:08:02:EF:63:64:2B:C3

    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
         1c:1a:06:97:dc:d7:9c:9f:3c:88:66:06:08:57:21:db:21:47:
         f8:2a:67:aa:bf:18:32:76:40:10:57:c1:8a:f3:7a:d9:11:65:
         8e:35:fa:9e:fc:45:b5:9e:d9:4c:31:4b:b8:91:e8:43:2c:8e:
         b3:78:ce:db:e3:53:79:71:d6:e5:21:94:01:da:55:87:9a:24:
         64:f6:8a:66:cc:de:9c:37:cd:a8:34:b1:69:9b:23:c8:9e:78:
         22:2b:70:43:e3:55:47:31:61:19:ef:58:c5:85:2f:4e:30:f6:
         a0:31:16:23:c8:e7:e2:65:16:33:cb:bf:1a:1b:a0:3d:f8:ca:
         5e:8b:31:8b:60:08:89:2d:0c:06:5c:52:b7:c4:f9:0a:98:d1:
         15:5f:9f:12:be:7c:36:63:38:bd:44:a4:7f:e4:26:2b:0a:c4:
         97:69:0d:e9:8c:e2:c0:10:57:b8:c8:76:12:91:55:f2:48:69:
         d8:bc:2a:02:5b:0f:44:d4:20:31:db:f4:ba:70:26:5d:90:60:
         9e:bc:4b:17:09:2f:b4:cb:1e:43:68:c9:07:27:c1:d2:5c:f7:
         ea:21:b9:68:12:9c:3c:9c:bf:9e:fc:80:5c:9b:63:cd:ec:47:
         aa:25:27:67:a0:37:f3:00:82:7d:54:d7:a9:f8:e9:2e:13:a3:
         77:e8:1f:4a

您还可以使用该openssl x509实用程序为您打开文件：

$ openssl x509 -in DigiCertHighAssuranceEVRootCA.pem -inform PEM -text -noout
Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number:
            02:ac:5c:26:6a:0b:40:9b:8f:0b:79:f2:ae:46:25:77
    ...

并从 PEM 转换为 DER：

$ openssl x509 -in DigiCertHighAssuranceEVRootCA.pem -inform PEM \
              -out DigiCertHighAssuranceEVRootCA.der -outform DER

$ dumpasn1 DigiCertHighAssuranceEVRootCA.der 
  0 965: SEQUENCE {
  4 685:   SEQUENCE {
  8   3:     [0] {
 10   1:       INTEGER 2
       :       }
 13  16:     INTEGER 02 AC 5C 26 6A 0B 40 9B 8F 0B 79 F2 AE 46 25 77
...

有什么方法可以使用 OpenSSL 仅输出编码证书？它是如何完成的？

不，OpenSSL-outform除了-inform. 有三种可用的通知和输出：DER、PEM 和 NET。它们都不是裸Base64。

另请参阅openssl x509手册页。

于 2016-11-02T06:23:59.173 回答
4

只是更晚了。这尽可能接近我猜openssl + base64。

openssl x509 -in cert.pem -outform der | base64 -w 64

于 2020-10-21T14:37:55.507 回答
0

只是有点晚了。我只需要完全相同的东西，并且不希望在 awk、sed 或其他任何东西中执行逻辑。

openssl x509 -in YOUR_CERTIFICATE.pem -text -certopt no_header,no_pubkey,no_subject,no_issuer,no_signame,no_version,no_serial,no_validity,no_extensions,no_sigdump,no_aux,no_extensions

不知道是否有其他字段恰好没有出现在我测试过的证书中。到目前为止，尽管所有迹象都表明这正是您所追求的。

于 2017-12-14T20:08:24.923 回答
0

简单的解决方案：

openssl x509 -in cert.pem | sed -e '1d;$d' > just_the_certificate_itself.txt
于 2021-04-07T22:51:56.460 回答