Cameron Skinner 上面所说的“Collections.unmodifiableMap 保证地图不会被修改”实际上只是部分正确,尽管对于问题中的特定示例来说它恰好是准确的(只是因为 Character 对象是不可变的)。我会用一个例子来解释。
Collections.unmodifiableMap 实际上只为您提供保护,即不能更改对映射中保存的对象的引用。它通过将“放置”限制在它返回的映射中来做到这一点。但是,仍然可以从类外部修改原始封装的地图,因为 Collections.unmodifiableMap 不会复制地图的内容。
在 Paulo 发布的问题中,幸运的是,地图中的 Character 对象是不可修改的。然而,一般来说这可能不是真的,Collections.unmodifiableMap 所宣传的不可修改性不应该是唯一的保障。例如,请参见下面的示例。
import java.awt.Point;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class SeeminglyUnmodifiable {
private Map<String, Point> startingLocations = new HashMap<>(3);
public SeeminglyUnmodifiable(){
startingLocations.put("LeftRook", new Point(1, 1));
startingLocations.put("LeftKnight", new Point(1, 2));
startingLocations.put("LeftCamel", new Point(1, 3));
//..more locations..
}
public Map<String, Point> getStartingLocations(){
return Collections.unmodifiableMap(startingLocations);
}
public static void main(String [] args){
SeeminglyUnmodifiable pieceLocations = new SeeminglyUnmodifiable();
Map<String, Point> locations = pieceLocations.getStartingLocations();
Point camelLoc = locations.get("LeftCamel");
System.out.println("The LeftCamel's start is at [ " + camelLoc.getX() + ", " + camelLoc.getY() + " ]");
//Try 1. update elicits Exception
try{
locations.put("LeftCamel", new Point(0,0));
} catch (java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException e){
System.out.println("Try 1 - Could not update the map!");
}
//Try 2. Now let's try changing the contents of the object from the unmodifiable map!
camelLoc.setLocation(0,0);
//Now see whether we were able to update the actual map
Point newCamelLoc = pieceLocations.getStartingLocations().get("LeftCamel");
System.out.println("Try 2 - Map updated! The LeftCamel's start is now at [ " + newCamelLoc.getX() + ", " + newCamelLoc.getY() + " ]"); }
}
运行此示例时,您会看到:
The LeftCamel's start is at [ 1.0, 3.0 ]
Try 1 - Could not update the map!
Try 2 - Map updated! The LeftCamel's start is now at [ 0.0, 0.0 ]
起始位置映射被封装,并且仅通过利用 getStartingLocations 方法中的 Collections.unmodifiableMap 返回。但是,通过访问任何对象然后更改它,该方案被颠覆,如上面代码中的“尝试 2”所示。可以说,如果地图中包含的对象本身是不可变的,则只能依靠 Collections.unmodifiableMap 来提供真正不可修改的地图。如果不是,我们希望复制地图中的对象或限制对对象修改器方法的访问,如果可能的话。