（下面问题中的错误消息很长。TL；DR，这里是具体问题： 为什么这个测试代码不能在 TX1 的 GPU 上执行，我需要做什么才能让它这样做？）
我刚刚使用 JetPack 2.3 刷写并安装了全新的 Nvidia Jetson TX1。我正在尝试将 Theano 安装在 TX1 上，以便能够使用板载 GPU，以进行进一步的机器学习和神经网络应用程序。
但是，我似乎无法让 GPU 本身工作。
Theano 的安装取自这里：
sudo apt-get install python-numpy python-scipy python-dev python-pip python-nose g++ libblas-dev git
pip install --upgrade --no-deps git+git://github.com/Theano/Theano.git --user # Need Theano 0.8(not yet released) or more recent
安装的 Theano 版本是 0.9.0.dev2，python 版本是 2.7.12。
我从这里使用了测试脚本：
from theano import function, config, shared, tensor
import numpy
import time
vlen = 10 * 30 * 768 # 10 x #cores x # threads per core
iters = 1000
rng = numpy.random.RandomState(22)
x = shared(numpy.asarray(rng.rand(vlen), config.floatX))
f = function([], tensor.exp(x))
print(f.maker.fgraph.toposort())
t0 = time.time()
for i in range(iters):
r = f()
t1 = time.time()
print("Looping %d times took %f seconds" % (iters, t1 - t0))
print("Result is %s" % (r,))
if numpy.any([isinstance(x.op, tensor.Elemwise) and
('Gpu' not in type(x.op).__name__)
for x in f.maker.fgraph.toposort()]):
print('Used the cpu')
else:
print('Used the gpu')
按照建议运行时：
THEANO_FLAGS=device=cuda0 python gpu_tutorial1.py
我得到以下响应，其中充满了错误、警告以及在 CPU 而不是 GPU 上的执行：
ERROR (theano.gpuarray): pygpu was configured but could not be imported
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/theano/gpuarray/__init__.py", line 21, in <module>
import pygpu
ImportError: No module named pygpu
WARNING (theano.gof.cmodule): OPTIMIZATION WARNING: Theano was not able to find the default g++ parameters. This is needed to tune the compilation to your specific CPU. This can slow down the execution of Theano functions. Please submit the following lines to Theano's mailing list so that we can fix this problem:
['# 1 "<stdin>"\n', '# 1 "<built-in>"\n', '# 1 "<command-line>"\n', '# 1 "/usr/include/stdc-predef.h" 1 3 4\n', '# 1 "<command-line>" 2\n', '# 1 "<stdin>"\n', 'Using built-in specs.\n', 'COLLECT_GCC=/usr/bin/g++\n', 'Target: aarch64-linux-gnu\n', "Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu/Linaro 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.2' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-5/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-5 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-libquadmath --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --disable-browser-plugin --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-gtk-cairo --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-arm64/jre --enable-java-home --with-jvm-root-dir=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-arm64 --with-jvm-jar-dir=/usr/lib/jvm-exports/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-arm64 --with-arch-directory=aarch64 --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --enable-multiarch --enable-fix-cortex-a53-843419 --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --build=aarch64-linux-gnu --host=aarch64-linux-gnu --target=aarch64-linux-gnu\n", 'Thread model: posix\n', 'gcc version 5.4.0 20160609 (Ubuntu/Linaro 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.2) \n', "COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-E' '-v' '-shared-libgcc' '-mlittle-endian' '-mabi=lp64'\n", ' /usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/5/cc1 -E -quiet -v -imultiarch aarch64-linux-gnu - -mlittle-endian -mabi=lp64 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Wformat-security\n', 'ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/include/aarch64-linux-gnu"\n', 'ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/5/../../../../aarch64-linux-gnu/include"\n', '#include "..." search starts here:\n', '#include <...> search starts here:\n', ' /usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/5/include\n', ' /usr/local/include\n', ' /usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/5/include-fixed\n', ' /usr/include/aarch64-linux-gnu\n', ' /usr/include\n', 'End of search list.\n', 'COMPILER_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/5/:/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/5/:/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/5/:/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/\n', 'LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/5/:/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/5/../../../aarch64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/5/../../../../lib/:/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/:/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/5/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/\n', "COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-E' '-v' '-shared-libgcc' '-mlittle-endian' '-mabi=lp64'\n"]
[Elemwise{exp,no_inplace}(<TensorType(float64, vector)>)]
Looping 1000 times took 12.736936 seconds
Result is [ 1.23178032 1.61879341 1.52278065 ..., 2.20771815 2.29967753
1.62323285]
Used the cpu
当我将设备标志更改为“gpu”时：
THEANO_FLAGS=device=gpu python gpu_tutorial1.py
情况有所改善，至少找到了 NVIDIA Tegra X1，尽管它最终没有被使用：
Using gpu device 0: NVIDIA Tegra X1 (CNMeM is disabled, cuDNN 5105)
WARNING (theano.gof.cmodule): OPTIMIZATION WARNING: Theano was not able to find the default g++ parameters. This is needed to tune the compilation to your specific CPU. This can slow down the execution of Theano functions. Please submit the following lines to Theano's mailing list so that we can fix this problem:
['# 1 "<stdin>"\n', '# 1 "<built-in>"\n', '# 1 "<command-line>"\n', '# 1 "/usr/include/stdc-predef.h" 1 3 4\n', '# 1 "<command-line>" 2\n', '# 1 "<stdin>"\n', 'Using built-in specs.\n', 'COLLECT_GCC=/usr/bin/g++\n', 'Target: aarch64-linux-gnu\n', "Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu/Linaro 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.2' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-5/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-5 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-libquadmath --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --disable-browser-plugin --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-gtk-cairo --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-arm64/jre --enable-java-home --with-jvm-root-dir=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-arm64 --with-jvm-jar-dir=/usr/lib/jvm-exports/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-arm64 --with-arch-directory=aarch64 --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --enable-multiarch --enable-fix-cortex-a53-843419 --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --build=aarch64-linux-gnu --host=aarch64-linux-gnu --target=aarch64-linux-gnu\n", 'Thread model: posix\n', 'gcc version 5.4.0 20160609 (Ubuntu/Linaro 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.2) \n', "COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-E' '-v' '-shared-libgcc' '-mlittle-endian' '-mabi=lp64'\n", ' /usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/5/cc1 -E -quiet -v -imultiarch aarch64-linux-gnu - -mlittle-endian -mabi=lp64 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Wformat-security\n', 'ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/include/aarch64-linux-gnu"\n', 'ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/5/../../../../aarch64-linux-gnu/include"\n', '#include "..." search starts here:\n', '#include <...> search starts here:\n', ' /usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/5/include\n', ' /usr/local/include\n', ' /usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/5/include-fixed\n', ' /usr/include/aarch64-linux-gnu\n', ' /usr/include\n', 'End of search list.\n', 'COMPILER_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/5/:/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/5/:/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/5/:/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/\n', 'LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/5/:/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/5/../../../aarch64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/5/../../../../lib/:/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/:/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/5/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/\n', "COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-E' '-v' '-shared-libgcc' '-mlittle-endian' '-mabi=lp64'\n"]
[Elemwise{exp,no_inplace}(<TensorType(float64, vector)>)]
Looping 1000 times took 12.820628 seconds
Result is [ 1.23178032 1.61879341 1.52278065 ..., 2.20771815 2.29967753
1.62323285]
Used the cpu
我确实计划将警告行发送到 Theano 邮件列表，但该警告似乎与我目前的主要问题无关： 为什么此测试代码不在 TX1 的 GPU 上执行，我需要做什么才能做到所以？