我正在尝试构建我的 Web 应用程序,它将数据存储在地球上某个位置上运行的 PostgreSQL 数据库服务器上,并让用户从其他位置连接,因此可能与我的服务器不同的时区和偏移量。
我需要根据每个连接用户显示操作的日期和时间,例如创建的帖子、编辑的帖子、提交的评论等。这就像 StackExchange。但是,我遇到了时区和偏移量的问题,如下所述:
在我的pgAdmin3 SQL Editor中,一切似乎都正常。例如,当我在pgAdmin3 SQL 编辑器中编写下面的查询时set local time zone 'Europe/Oslo'
,我得到了正确的posts
和tags
表created_at
字段+2
,输出中的偏移量。在输出行中,表的字段created_at
是 ,posts
表2016-08-29 19:15:53.758+02
的同一行created_at
是。tags
2016-08-29T19:15:53.758+02:00
但是,当我将它放在我的Nodejs Express.js服务器中的路由函数中,并使用pg-promise作为连接库时,我只得到正确的表字段,其中的时间按预期附加了时区偏移量,我得到了表的字段在没有像预期的那样。 tags
created_at
Oslo
created_at
posts
UTC
所有时间戳的定义timestamp(3) with time zone NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
如下所示。此外,如果没有设置set local time zone
,我会得到相同的行为,对于第一个表,我会得到UTC
时间,对于后者,我会得到带有服务器偏移量的时间戳。
该set local time zone
指令不绑定所有查询吗?我的方法中缺少什么?
我使用的示例查询:
select
q.*, -- created_at timestamp (with time zone) is one of those columns
u.name as author,
u.reputation,
case when count(t.*)=0 then '[]' e json_agg(t.*) end as tags
from posts q
-- authors
join users u
on q.author_id = u.id
-- tags
left join post_has_tag p_h_t
on q.id = p_h_t.post_id
left join tags t
on p_h_t.tag_id = t.id
where q.post_type = 'question'
group by q.id, u.id;
express.js 路由函数示例:
trialRoutes.get('/x', function (req, res) {
db.query(
`
--begin;
SET LOCAL TIME ZONE 'Europe/Oslo';
SELECT
q.*, -- created_at timestamp (with time zone) is already in here
u.name AS author,
u.reputation,
CASE WHEN count(t.*)=0 THEN '[]' ELSE json_agg(t.*) END as tags
FROM posts q
-- authors
JOIN users u
ON q.author_id = u.id
-- tags
left join post_has_tag p_h_t
on q.id = p_h_t.post_id
left join tags t
on p_h_t.tag_id = t.id
WHERE q.post_type = 'question'
group by q.id, u.id;
--commit;
`
)
.then(function (data) {
res.json(data)
})
.catch(function (error) {
console.log("/login, database quesry error.", error);
});
})
我使用pg-promise从Express.js http 服务器获得的结果。请注意实际上应该指向 UTC 中相同点的不同时间戳,这是正确完成的,以及未正确完成的表示:
[
{
"id": "7",
"created_at": "2016-08-29T21:02:04.153Z", // same point in time, different representation
"title": "AAAAAAAAAAA",
"text": "aaaaa aaaaaaa aaaaaa",
"post_url": "AAAAAAAAAAA",
"score": 0,
"author_id": 1,
"parent_post_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"is_accepted": false,
"acceptor_id": null,
"timezone": "2016-08-29T20:02:04.153Z",
"author": "Faruk",
"reputation": 0,
"tags": [
{
"id": 4,
"created_at": "2016-08-29T23:02:04.153+02:00", // same point in time, different representation
"label": "physics",
"description": null,
"category": null
}
]
},
{
"id": "6",
"created_at": "2016-08-29T17:24:10.151Z",
"title": "Ignoring timezones altogether in Rails and PostgreSQL",
"text": "Ignoring timezones altogether in Rails and PostgreSQL",
"post_url": "Ignoring-timezones-altogether-in-Rails-and-PostgreSQL",
"score": 0,
"author_id": 2,
"parent_post_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"is_accepted": false,
"acceptor_id": null,
"timezone": "2016-08-29T16:24:10.151Z",
"author": "Selçuk",
"reputation": 0,
"tags": [
{
"id": 3,
"created_at": "2016-08-29T19:24:10.151+02:00",
"label": "sql",
"description": null,
"category": null
}
]
}
]
posts
这里使用的和tags
表的定义:
-- questions and answers
CREATE TABLE posts
(
id bigserial PRIMARY KEY,
created_at timestamp(3) with time zone NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
title character varying(100),
text text,
post_url character varying(100),
score integer DEFAULT 0,
author_id integer NOT NULL REFERENCES users (id),
parent_post_id integer REFERENCES posts (id),
post_type varchar(30),
is_accepted boolean DEFAULT FALSE,
acceptor_id integer REFERENCES users (id) DEFAULT NULL
--seen_by_parent_post_author boolean DEFAULT false
--view_count
--accepted_answer_id
--answer_count
);
CREATE TABLE tags
(
id bigserial PRIMARY KEY,
created_at timestamp(3) with time zone NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
label character varying(30) NOT NULL,
description character varying(200),
category character varying(50)
);