我正在尝试在 C 中转发引用(嵌套)结构。
这意味着我有一个结构,其中我引用了稍后声明的另一个结构。
如果我将嵌套结构声明为指针,并用值初始化它,它就可以工作。
以下代码有效:
#include <stdio.h>
struct computer{
double cost;
int year;
char cpu_type[16];
struct cpu_speed *sp; //this is the question (1)
};
struct cpu_speed{
int num;
char type[16];
};
typedef struct computer SC;
typedef struct cpu_speed SS;
void DataR(SC *s);
void DataP(SC *s);
int main(){
// this is question (2)
SS speed = {4,"giga"};
SC model[2] = {
{ 0,1990, "intel", &speed},
{ 0,1990, "intel", &speed}
};
int i;
for(i=0;i<2;i++) {
printf("computer no. %d \n", i+1);
DataR(&model[i]);
}
printf("here's what you entered: \n");
for(i=0;i<2;i++) {
printf("computer no. %d \n", i+1);
DataP(&model[i]);
}
return 0;
}
void DataR(SC *s){
printf("the cost of your computer: ");
scanf("%lf", &s->cost);
printf("the year of your computer: ");
scanf("%d", &s->year);
printf("the type of cpu inside your computer: ");
scanf("%s", s->cpu_type);
printf("the speed of the cpu: ");
scanf("%d %s", &(s->sp->num), s->sp->type);
}
void DataP(SC *s){
printf("the cost: %.2lf\n",s->cost);
printf("the year: %d\n",s->year);
printf("the cpu type: %s\n",s->cpu_type);
printf("the cpu speed: %d %s\n",s->sp->num, s->sp->type);
}
如果我在父(?)结构之前声明嵌套结构(即struct cpu_speed{...};
),我不需要使用指针,也不需要初始化。
意义:
(1) 我可以使用struct cpu_speed speed;
而不是struct cpu_speed *sp;
. (2) 我不需要为结构变量赋予初始化值。
我的问题再次 - 在前向引用结构中 - (1) 你必须用指针声明它吗?(2) 你必须初始化这些值吗?