我们当前的设置是我们希望重新使用服务器管理员提供的厨师食谱来配置我们的开发环境。问题是，我们无法更改原始食谱，也不想使用确切的食谱（由于某些部分不需要）。
与实时基础架构相比，我们将使用 Vagrant 管理的虚拟机——尽可能靠近实时基础架构配置。所以计划是在我们端创建一个简单的食谱，需要我们的服务器提供商提供的原始服务器食谱，并调用所需的接收方。
一切都已经很好了，食谱是从 github（私人仓库）下载的，作为 Berkshelf 依赖项，我们的自定义食谱只调用我们想要运行的食谱。
相应Vagrantfile的就这么简单：
Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
config.vm.box = "bento/centos-6.7"
config.omnibus.chef_version = :latest
config.berkshelf.enabled = true
config.vm.provision :chef_zero do |chef|
chef.cookbooks_path = ['site-cookbooks']
chef.data_bags_path = "data_bags"
chef.nodes_path = "nodes"
chef.roles_path = "roles"
chef.environments_path = "environments"
chef.add_role "cms"
chef.environment = "development"
end
end
而我们Berksfile的只有：
source 'https://supermarket.chef.io'
cookbook '1000-server', git: 'git@github.com:somewhere/1000-server.git'
cookbook 'main', path: './site-cookbooks/main'
整体项目结构如下：
Root
│ Berksfile
│ Berksfile.lock
│ Vagrantfile
│
├───environments
│ .gitkeep
│ development.json
│
├───nodes
│ .gitkeep
│ vagrant-caa3c589.json
│
├───roles
│ .gitkeep
│ cms.rb
│
└───site-cookbooks
│ .gitkeep
│
└───main
│ Berksfile
│ metadata.rb
│
├───attributes
├───files
│ └───default
├───libraries
├───providers
├───recipes
│ cms.rb
│ default.rb
│ _automatic_updates.rb
│ _common_packages.rb
│ _motd.rb
│
├───resources
└───templates
└───default
motd.erb
现在的诀窍是，食谱中的所有依赖metadata.rb项1000-server都不受版本限制。这是留给环境的。
metadata.rb剪辑：
depends 'apt'
depends 'automatic_updates'
development.json（来自main食谱）剪断
"cookbook_versions": {
"apt": "= 2.9.2",
"automatic_updates": "= 0.2.0",
....
}
当然，其他环境可能会使用不同的版本。这种方法在使用常规 Chef 部署的实时环境中运行良好。
对于使用 Vagrant 的开发部分，我们遇到了问题。在 Vagrant 的供应阶段，环境特定的版本似乎被忽略了。只有在chef-zero机器本身上运行时，环境才会请求提供的不同版本。
apt这对于食谱来说是显而易见的。在 vagrant 配置期间，版本4.0.0（最新的）被供应。然而，当开发角色融合时，会出现版本冲突，因为此环境需要版本2.9.2.
的（部分截断的）日志vagrant up是：
$ vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'vmware_workstation' provider...
default: The Berkshelf shelf is at "C:/Users/fge/.berkshelf/vagrant-berkshelf/shelves/berkshelf20160614-11060-184lksc-default"
==> default: Sharing cookbooks with VM
==> default: Cloning VMware VM: 'bento/centos-6.7'. This can take some time...
==> default: Checking if box 'bento/centos-6.7' is up to date...
==> default: Verifying vmnet devices are healthy...
==> default: Updating Vagrant's Berkshelf...
==> default: Resolving cookbook dependencies...
==> default: Fetching 'main' from source at site-cookbooks/main
==> default: Using 1000-server (1.0.19) from git@github.com:***.git (at master)
==> default: Using apt (4.0.0)
** snip **
==> default: Vendoring apt (4.0.0) to C:/Users/fge/.berkshelf/vagrant-berkshelf/shelves/berkshelf20160614-11060-184lksc-default/apt
==> default: Auto-generating node name for Chef...
==> default: Preparing network adapters...
==> default: Fixed port collision for 22 => 2222. Now on port 2200.
==> default: Starting the VMware VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
default: SSH address: 192.168.218.131:22
default: SSH username: vagrant
default: SSH auth method: private key
default:
default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
default:
default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Forwarding ports...
default: -- 22 => 2200
==> default: Configuring network adapters within the VM...
==> default: Waiting for HGFS kernel module to load...
==> default: Enabling and configuring shared folders...
default: -- C:/Users/fge/Documents/Projects/chef-playground: /vagrant
default: -- C:/Users/fge/Documents/Projects/chef-playground/roles: /tmp/vagrant-chef/c7b0e759b945769c9873959f131fb7b0/roles
default: -- C:/Users/fge/Documents/Projects/chef-playground/nodes: /tmp/vagrant-chef/8e970870f311a0ae043f0f7907363289/nodes
default: -- C:/Users/fge/.berkshelf/vagrant-berkshelf/shelves/berkshelf20160614-11060-184lksc-default: /tmp/vagrant-chef/3bc7c75ac04521a146fc361c5902825a/cookbooks
default: -- C:/Users/fge/Documents/Projects/chef-playground/data_bags: /tmp/vagrant-chef/d6e666738afcd2f3bf01b2db89232370/data_bags
default: -- C:/Users/fge/Documents/Projects/chef-playground/environments: /tmp/vagrant-chef/d1bb590869371296e6ed41178f8b3a2c/environments
==> default: Installing Chef 12.11.18 Omnibus package...
** snip **
==> default: Thank you for installing Chef!
==> default: Running provisioner: chef_zero...
==> default: Detected Chef (latest) is already installed
==> default: Generating chef JSON and uploading...
==> default: Running chef-client (local-mode)...
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:29+00:00] INFO: Started chef-zero at chefzero://localhost:8889 with repository at /tmp/vagrant-chef/3bc7c75ac04521a146fc361c5902825a
==> default: One version per cookbook
==> default: data_bags at /tmp/vagrant-chef/d6e666738afcd2f3bf01b2db89232370/data_bags
==> default: environments at /tmp/vagrant-chef/d1bb590869371296e6ed41178f8b3a2c/environments
==> default: roles at /tmp/vagrant-chef/c7b0e759b945769c9873959f131fb7b0/roles
==> default: nodes at /tmp/vagrant-chef/8e970870f311a0ae043f0f7907363289/nodes
==> default:
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:29+00:00] INFO: Forking chef instance to converge...
==> default: Starting Chef Client, version 12.11.18
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:29+00:00] INFO: *** Chef 12.11.18 ***
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:29+00:00] INFO: Platform: x86_64-linux
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:29+00:00] INFO: Chef-client pid: 4479
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:31+00:00] INFO: GET /organizations/chef/nodes/vagrant-caa3c589
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:31+00:00] INFO: #<ChefZero::RestErrorResponse: 404: Object not found: chefzero://localhost:8889/nodes/vagrant-caa3c589>
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-zero-4.6.2/lib/chef_zero/rest_base.rb:91:in `rescue in get_data'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-zero-4.6.2/lib/chef_zero/rest_base.rb:83:in `get_data'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-zero-4.6.2/lib/chef_zero/endpoints/rest_object_endpoint.rb:18:in `get'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-zero-4.6.2/lib/chef_zero/rest_base.rb:62:in `call'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-zero-4.6.2/lib/chef_zero/rest_router.rb:24:in `call'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-zero-4.6.2/lib/chef_zero/server.rb:664:in `block in app'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-zero-4.6.2/lib/chef_zero/server.rb:336:in `call'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-zero-4.6.2/lib/chef_zero/server.rb:336:in `handle_socketless_request'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-zero-4.6.2/lib/chef_zero/socketless_server_map.rb:87:in `request'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-zero-4.6.2/lib/chef_zero/socketless_server_map.rb:33:in `request'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/http/socketless_chef_zero_client.rb:154:in `request'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/http.rb:305:in `block in send_http_request'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/http.rb:336:in `block in retrying_http_errors'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/http.rb:334:in `loop'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/http.rb:334:in `retrying_http_errors'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/http.rb:299:in `send_http_request'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/http.rb:144:in `request'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/http.rb:111:in `get'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/node.rb:604:in `load'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/node.rb:588:in `find_or_create'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/policy_builder/dynamic.rb:72:in `load_node'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/client.rb:467:in `load_node'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/client.rb:269:in `run'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/application.rb:286:in `block in fork_chef_client'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/application.rb:274:in `fork'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/application.rb:274:in `fork_chef_client'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/application.rb:239:in `block in run_chef_client'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/local_mode.rb:44:in `with_server_connectivity'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/application.rb:227:in `run_chef_client'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/application/client.rb:456:in `sleep_then_run_chef_client'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/application/client.rb:443:in `block in interval_run_chef_client'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/application/client.rb:442:in `loop'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/application/client.rb:442:in `interval_run_chef_client'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/application/client.rb:426:in `run_application'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/application.rb:59:in `run'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/bin/chef-client:26:in `<top (required)>'
==> default: /usr/bin/chef-client:52:in `load'
==> default: /usr/bin/chef-client:52:in `<main>'
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:31+00:00] INFO: HTTP Request Returned 404 Not Found: Object not found: chefzero://localhost:8889/nodes/vagrant-caa3c589
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:31+00:00] INFO: POST /organizations/chef/nodes
==> default: --- POST BODY ---
==> default: {"name":"vagrant-caa3c589","chef_environment":"development","json_class":"Chef::Node","automatic":{},"normal":{},"chef_type":"node","default":{},"override":{},"run_list":[]}
==> default: --- END POST BODY ---
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:31+00:00] INFO: Setting the run_list to ["role[cms]"] from CLI options
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:31+00:00] INFO: GET /organizations/chef/roles/cms
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:31+00:00] INFO: GET /organizations/chef/environments/development
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:31+00:00] INFO: Run List is [role[cms]]
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:31+00:00] INFO: Run List expands to [main::cms]
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:31+00:00] INFO: Starting Chef Run for vagrant-caa3c589
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:31+00:00] INFO: Running start handlers
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:31+00:00] INFO: Start handlers complete.
==> default: resolving cookbooks for run list: ["main::cms"]
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:31+00:00] INFO: POST /organizations/chef/environments/development/cookbook_versions
==> default: --- POST BODY ---
==> default: {"run_list":["main::cms"]}
==> default: --- END POST BODY ---
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:59+00:00] INFO: #<ChefZero::RestErrorResponse: 412: Could not satisfy version constraints for: apt>
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-zero-4.6.2/lib/chef_zero/endpoints/environment_cookbook_versions_endpoint.rb:42:in `post'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-zero-4.6.2/lib/chef_zero/rest_base.rb:62:in `call'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-zero-4.6.2/lib/chef_zero/rest_router.rb:24:in `call'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-zero-4.6.2/lib/chef_zero/server.rb:664:in `block in app'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-zero-4.6.2/lib/chef_zero/server.rb:336:in `call'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-zero-4.6.2/lib/chef_zero/server.rb:336:in `handle_socketless_request'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-zero-4.6.2/lib/chef_zero/socketless_server_map.rb:87:in `request'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-zero-4.6.2/lib/chef_zero/socketless_server_map.rb:33:in `request'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/http/socketless_chef_zero_client.rb:154:in `request'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/http.rb:305:in `block in send_http_request'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/http.rb:336:in `block in retrying_http_errors'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/http.rb:334:in `loop'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/http.rb:334:in `retrying_http_errors'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/http.rb:299:in `send_http_request'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/http.rb:144:in `request'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/http.rb:127:in `post'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/policy_builder/expand_node_object.rb:204:in `sync_cookbooks'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/policy_builder/expand_node_object.rb:83:in `setup_run_context'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/2.1.0/forwardable.rb:183:in `setup_run_context'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/client.rb:510:in `setup_run_context'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/client.rb:280:in `run'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/application.rb:286:in `block in fork_chef_client'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/application.rb:274:in `fork'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/application.rb:274:in `fork_chef_client'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/application.rb:239:in `block in run_chef_client'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/local_mode.rb:44:in `with_server_connectivity'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/application.rb:227:in `run_chef_client'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/application/client.rb:456:in `sleep_then_run_chef_client'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/application/client.rb:443:in `block in interval_run_chef_client'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/application/client.rb:442:in `loop'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/application/client.rb:442:in `interval_run_chef_client'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/application/client.rb:426:in `run_application'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/lib/chef/application.rb:59:in `run'
==> default: /opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/chef-12.11.18/bin/chef-client:26:in `<top (required)>'
==> default: /usr/bin/chef-client:52:in `load'
==> default: /usr/bin/chef-client:52:in `<main>'
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:59+00:00] INFO: HTTP Request Returned 412 Precondition Failed: Could not satisfy version constraints for: apt
==> default:
==> default: ================================================================================
==> default: Error Resolving Cookbooks for Run List:
==> default: ================================================================================
==> default:
==> default:
==> default: Missing Cookbooks:
==> default: ------------------
==> default: Could not satisfy version constraints for: apt
==> default:
==> default:
==> default: Expanded Run List:
==> default: ------------------
==> default: * main::cms
==> default:
==> default:
==> default: Platform:
==> default: ---------
==> default: x86_64-linux
==> default:
==> default:
==> default:
==> default: Running handlers:
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:59+00:00] ERROR: Running exception handlers
==> default: Running handlers complete
==> default:
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:59+00:00] ERROR: Exception handlers complete
==> default: Chef Client failed. 0 resources updated in 29 seconds
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:59+00:00] FATAL: Stacktrace dumped to /var/chef/cache/chef-stacktrace.out
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:59+00:00] FATAL: Please provide the contents of the stacktrace.out file if you file a bug report
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:59+00:00] ERROR: 412 "Precondition Failed"
==> default: [2016-06-14T09:16:59+00:00] FATAL: Chef::Exceptions::ChildConvergeError: Chef run process exited unsuccessfully (exit code 1)
Chef never successfully completed! Any errors should be visible in the
output above. Please fix your recipes so that they properly complete.
我当然可以将这些依赖项固定在我们的metadata.rb主文件中，但是我猜这会破坏这里的目的，并且不允许我们切换到不同的环境（例如生产环境），也不会总是使用与1000-server食谱相同的版本（或不同版本的1000-server食谱）
我见过这个人有同样的问题kitchen，但我想这对 Vagrant 不起作用。关于如何解决环境问题的任何想法？
关于如何解决这个问题的任何想法？或者这是我们的东西