cucumber - Cucumber 1.2.4 未找到步骤定义：“您可以使用以下代码片段实现缺少的步骤”（2016 年）

Question

我正在尝试在类 UNIX 上使用 Maven 运行 Cucumber（不幸的是，我被迫使用 Windows，尽管 cmd.exe 具有相同的结果）命令行：

mvn clean test -Dcucumber.options="src/test/resources/com/example/sqa/automation_cuke/pages/sample_test.feature"

结果是：

Results :

Tests run: 0, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
...
[INFO] --- exec-maven-plugin:1.2.1:java (default) @ sqa.automation_cuke ---
Feature: My animals Sample
  Sample test to use as basis for conversion

  Scenario: My animals           # sample_test.feature:4
    Given that I have my animals

1 Scenarios (1 undefined)
1 Steps (1 undefined)
0m0.000s


You can implement missing steps with the snippets below:

@Given("^that I have my animals$")
public void that_I_have_my_animals() throws Throwable {
    // Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions
    throw new PendingException();
}

我查看了所有关于此错误消息和类似错误消息的热门 Google/SO 搜索。许多，例如Cucumber 在运行单个功能时找不到步骤和Cucumber 找不到步骤定义，比如说用-rand --require 参数指定我的步骤定义，但它们似乎已在某些时候从 Cucumber 中删除，因为我得到一个Unknown option: -r错误。

许多其他答案说，当 @CucumberOptions胶水参数定义不正确时，会发生此错误（奇怪）。但我尝试了以下胶水，但都没有奏效：

sqa.automation_cuke.pages path:sqa.automation_cuke.pages classpath:sqa.automation_cuke.pages com.example.sqa.automation_cuke.pages classpath:com.example.sqa.automation_cuke.pages path:com.example.sqa.automation_cuke.pages C:/development/cucumber-demo/src/main/java/com/example/sqa/automation_cuke/pages src/main/java/com/example/sqa/automation_cuke/pages classpath:C:/development/cucumber-demo/src/main/java/com/example/sqa/automation_cuke/pages classpath:src/main/java/com/example/sqa/automation_cuke/pages path:src/main/java/com/example/sqa/automation_cuke/pages C:\\development\\cucumber-demo\\src\\main\\java\\com\\example\\sqa\\automation_cuke\\pages src\\main\\java\\com\\example\\sqa\\automation_cuke\\pages classpath:src\\main\\java\\com\\example\\sqa\\automation_cuke\\pages path:src\\main\\java\\com\\example\\sqa\\automation_cuke\\pages

我也试过：

定义 --glue 在-Dcucumber.options.
将我的源代码目录结构更改为 src/test/java/example/automation_cuke、src/main/java/example/automation_cuke、src/test/resources/example/automation_cuke 等。
将我的 .feature 文件放在 main...resources 中。
@Given 中的各种不同文本，例如@Given("that I have my animals").

这是我的项目结构。根据此答案，我确保资源结构与其余代码匹配：

sample_text.feature：

Feature: My animals Sample
  Sample test to use as basis for conversion

  Scenario: My animals
    Given that I have my animals

MySampleTest.java：

package com.example.sqa.automation_cuke.pages;

@RunWith(Cucumber.class)
@CucumberOptions(glue = {"com.example.sqa.automation_cuke.pages"})
public class MySampleTest {

    @Given("^that I have my animals$")
    public void that_I_have_my_animals() throws Throwable {
        // Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions
        System.out.println("MySampleTest.that_I_have_my_animals() ran!");
        new MySample().printMySample();
        throw new PendingException();
    }
}

pom.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>sqa.automation_cuke</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <cucumber-jvm.version>1.2.4</cucumber-jvm.version>
        <selenium.version>2.53.0</selenium.version>
        <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
    </properties>

    <build>

        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
                <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.2.1</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>test</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>java</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
                <configuration>
                    <executableDependency>
                        <groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
                        <artifactId>cucumber-core</artifactId>
                    </executableDependency>
                    <mainClass>cucumber.api.cli.Main</mainClass>
                    <arguments>
                        <argument>--plugin</argument>
                        <argument>junit:target/cucumber-junit-report/allcukes.xml</argument>
                        <argument>--plugin</argument>
                        <argument>pretty</argument>
                        <argument>--plugin</argument>
                        <argument>html:target/cucumber-html-report</argument>
                    </arguments>
                </configuration>
                <dependencies>
                    <dependency>
                        <groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
                        <artifactId>cucumber-core</artifactId>
                        <version>${cucumber-jvm.version}</version>
                    </dependency>
                </dependencies>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>${junit.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
            <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
            <version>${selenium.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
            <artifactId>cucumber-picocontainer</artifactId>
            <version>${cucumber-jvm.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
            <artifactId>cucumber-core</artifactId>
            <version>${cucumber-jvm.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
            <artifactId>cucumber-junit</artifactId>
            <version>${cucumber-jvm.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/info.cukes/cucumber-java -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
            <artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>
            <version>${cucumber-jvm.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
            <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
            <version>6.8.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.16</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

任何帮助，将不胜感激！

score 4 · Accepted Answer

您需要为黄瓜选项设置 features 属性才能使其工作。

将您的黄瓜选项注释替换为：

@CucumberOptions(features = {"classpath:com/example/sqa/automation_cuke/pages/sample_test.feature"}, glue = {"com.example.sqa.automation_cuke.pages"},

应该让它工作。如果没有，请更新帖子。

更新：

SampleTestStepDefiniton.java

package com.example.sqa.automation_cuke.pages;

import cucumber.api.java.en.Given;

public class SampleTestStepDefinition {

    @Given("^that I have my animals$")
    public void that_I_have_my_animals() throws Throwable {
        // Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions
        System.out.println("MySampleTest.that_I_have_my_animals() ran!");   
    }
}

MySampleTest.java

package com.example.sqa.automation_cuke.pages;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import cucumber.api.CucumberOptions;
import cucumber.api.junit.Cucumber;

@RunWith(Cucumber.class)
@CucumberOptions(glue = { "com.example.sqa.automation_cuke.pages" }, features = {
        "classpath:com/example/sqa/automation_cuke/pages/sample_test.feature" })
public class MySampleTest {

}

sample_test.feature

Feature: My animals Sample
  Sample test to use as basis for conversion

  Scenario: My animals
    Given that I have my animals

更新

我认为您的项目的问题在于它无法在类路径上找到测试类（以及步骤定义类）。我不明白为什么你必须定义一个 CLASSPATH 系统变量。这可能是这个问题的一个原因。然而 PATH 变量应该保留并且不应该包含对特定项目的任何引用

尝试摆脱 CLASSPATH 变量并将您的插件标签替换为以下内容：

 <plugins>
    <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <configuration>
            <encoding>utf8</encoding>
            <source>1.7</source>
            <target>1.7</target>
        </configuration>
    </plugin>
     <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
        <executions>
            <execution>
                <goals>
                    <goal>test-jar</goal>
                </goals>
            </execution>
        </executions>
    </plugin>
    <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.18</version>
    </plugin>
</plugins>

我可以让它在带有 java 8 和 java 7 的多个窗口环境中运行。让我知道！

score 4 · Accepted Answer

你有一个非常复杂的设置。考虑到高尔定律，我会重新启动并建立在可行的基础上。https://github.com/cucumber/cucumber-java-skeleton提供了一个小型入门项目

下载/克隆它并运行

mvn test

这应该给你一个缺失的步骤，但它也应该给你一些定义的步骤。查看源代码并将缺少的步骤添加到src/test/java/skeleton/Stepdefs.java

score 0 · Accepted Answer

我也遇到了同样的问题，然后我意识到为 runner 类导入的包与 Step 定义类不同

因此
，如果对于跑步者类，您正在使用 io 包，如下所示

import io.cucumber.junit.Cucumber;

import io.cucumber.junit.CucumberOptions;

然后您还应该在步骤定义中使用相同的 io 包

import io.cucumber.java.en.Given;

我犯了导入API包的错误

import cucumber.api.java.en.Given;

cucumber - Cucumber 1.2.4 未找到步骤定义：“您可以使用以下代码片段实现缺少的步骤”（2016 年）

3 回答 3

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