什么是变更管理,它如何应用于项目?
变更管理是关于在项目发生之前批准和传达对项目的变更。如果您项目中的某个人(用户、赞助商、团队成员……任何人)想要添加功能,则需要记录更改并分析其效果。对范围、预算和进度的任何变更都必须在进行变更之前获得批准。这些更改通常由您的发起人、指导委员会或客户批准。
一旦更改被批准并接受,这就是您的新计划。原始预算或时间表是什么并不重要。
项目的变更管理都是关于“没有惊喜”的原则。合适的人(您的变更控制委员会)需要在对范围、进度和预算的任何变更采取行动之前批准这些变更。
One thing to remember is that there may be certain explicit or implicit constraints and tolerances for change. You may be have to deliver your project by a certain date to meet government regulatory requirements. Or your organisation may have a threshold that once a project budget is 30% over the original budget it must go to a "C" level or the project is killed. Investigating and explicitly stating these thresholds and tolerances up front are a good way of having better successful projects.
Where does "change management" end, and "project failure" begin?
If a project delivers on the approved scope, schedule and budget then it is successful.
However it may be still viewed as a failure. Post Implementation Reviews are a good tool to qualify this with your stakeholders (not just your boss). Also Benefit Realisation would be worthwhile looking into to see outside the blackbox of the project and the impact on the business as a whole.