我有一个 nxnxn numpy 数组,其中包含立方网格上的密度值。我正在尝试将密度图的惯性主轴与网格的笛卡尔 x、y、z 轴对齐。到目前为止,我有以下内容:
import numpy as np
from scipy import ndimage
def center_rho(rho):
"""Move density map so its center of mass aligns with the center of the grid"""
rhocom = np.array(ndimage.measurements.center_of_mass(rho))
gridcenter = np.array(rho.shape)/2.
shift = gridcenter-rhocom
rho = ndimage.interpolation.shift(rho,shift,order=1,mode='wrap')
return rho
def inertia_tensor(rho,side):
"""Calculate the moment of inertia tensor for the given density map."""
halfside = side/2.
n = rho.shape[0]
x_ = np.linspace(-halfside,halfside,n)
x,y,z = np.meshgrid(x_,x_,x_,indexing='ij')
Ixx = np.sum(rho*(y**2 + z**2))
Iyy = np.sum(rho*(x**2 + z**2))
Izz = np.sum(rho*(x**2 + y**2))
Ixy = -np.sum(rho*x*y)
Iyz = -np.sum(rho*y*z)
Ixz = -np.sum(rho*x*z)
I = np.array([[Ixx, Ixy, Ixz],
[Ixy, Iyy, Iyz],
[Ixz, Iyz, Izz]])
return I
def principal_axes(I):
"""Calculate the principal inertia axes and order them in ascending order."""
w,v = np.linalg.eigh(I)
return w,v
#number of grid points along side
n = 10
#note n <= 3 produces unit eigenvectors, not sure why
#in practice, n typically between 10 and 50
np.random.seed(1)
rho = np.random.random(size=(n,n,n))
side = 1. #physical width of box, set to 1.0 for simplicity
rho = center_rho(rho)
I = inertia_tensor(rho,side)
PAw, PAv = principal_axes(I)
#print magnitude and direction of principal axes
print "Eigenvalues/eigenvectors before rotation:"
for i in range(3):
print PAw[i], PAv[:,i]
#sanity check that I = R * D * R.T
#where R is the rotation matrix and D is the diagonalized matrix of eigenvalues
D = np.eye(3)*PAw
print np.allclose(np.dot(PAv,np.dot(D,PAv.T)),I)
#rotate rho to align principal axes with cartesian axes
newrho = ndimage.interpolation.affine_transform(rho,PAv.T,order=1,mode='wrap')
#recalculate principal axes
newI = inertia_tensor(newrho,side)
newPAw, newPAv = principal_axes(newI)
#print magnitude and direction of new principal axes
print "Eigenvalues/eigenvectors before rotation:"
for i in range(3):
print newPAw[i], newPAv[:,i]
在这里,我假设惯性张量的特征向量定义了旋转矩阵(基于这个问题和谷歌结果,比如这个网页似乎是正确的?)但这并没有给我正确的结果。
我希望打印的矩阵是:
[1 0 0]
[0 1 0]
[0 0 1]
(这可能是错误的)但甚至没有从单位向量开始。我得到的是:
Eigenvalues/eigenvectors before rotation:
102.405523732 [-0.05954221 -0.8616362 0.5040216 ]
103.177395578 [-0.30020273 0.49699978 0.81416801]
104.175688943 [-0.95201526 -0.10283129 -0.288258 ]
True
Eigenvalues/eigenvectors after rotation:
104.414931478 [ 0.38786 -0.90425086 0.17859172]
104.731536038 [-0.74968553 -0.19676735 0.63186566]
106.151322662 [-0.53622405 -0.37896304 -0.75422197]
我不确定问题是我的代码还是我对旋转主轴的假设,但我们将不胜感激。