使用 WPF 在 C# 中异步加载 BitmapImage 的最佳方法是什么?
6 回答
我只是在研究这个,不得不投入我的两分钱,尽管在最初的帖子之后几年(以防万一其他人来寻找我正在研究的同样的事情)。
我有一个Image控件,需要使用Stream在后台加载它的图像,然后显示。
我一直遇到的问题是BitmapSource,它的Stream源和Image控件都必须在同一个线程上。
在这种情况下,使用 Binding 并将其设置为 IsAsynch = true 将引发跨线程异常。
BackgroundWorker 非常适合 WinForms,您可以在 WPF 中使用它,但我更愿意避免在 WPF 中使用 WinForm 程序集(不建议项目膨胀,这也是一个很好的经验法则)。在这种情况下,这也应该抛出一个无效的交叉引用异常,但我没有测试它。
事实证明,一行代码将使这些工作中的任何一个工作:
//Create the image control
Image img = new Image {HorizontalAlignment = System.Windows.HorizontalAlignment.Stretch, VerticalAlignment = System.Windows.VerticalAlignment.Stretch};
//Create a seperate thread to load the image
ThreadStart thread = delegate
{
//Load the image in a seperate thread
BitmapImage bmpImage = new BitmapImage();
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
//A custom class that reads the bytes of off the HD and shoves them into the MemoryStream. You could just replace the MemoryStream with something like this: FileStream fs = File.Open(@"C:\ImageFileName.jpg", FileMode.Open);
MediaCoder.MediaDecoder.DecodeMediaWithStream(ImageItem, true, ms);
bmpImage.BeginInit();
bmpImage.StreamSource = ms;
bmpImage.EndInit();
//**THIS LINE locks the BitmapImage so that it can be transported across threads!!
bmpImage.Freeze();
//Call the UI thread using the Dispatcher to update the Image control
Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(new ThreadStart(delegate
{
img.Source = bmpImage;
img.Unloaded += delegate
{
ms.Close();
ms.Dispose();
};
grdImageContainer.Children.Add(img);
}));
};
//Start previously mentioned thread...
new Thread(thread).Start();
假设您正在使用数据绑定,将Binding.IsAsync属性设置为 True 似乎是实现此目的的标准方法。如果您使用后台线程 + Dispatcher 对象在代码隐藏文件中加载位图是更新 UI 异步的常用方法
这将允许您通过使用 HttpClient 进行异步下载,在 UI 线程上创建 BitmapImage:
private async Task<BitmapImage> LoadImage(string url)
{
HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
try
{
BitmapImage img = new BitmapImage();
img.CacheOption = BitmapCacheOption.OnLoad;
img.BeginInit();
img.StreamSource = await client.GetStreamAsync(url);
img.EndInit();
return img;
}
catch (HttpRequestException)
{
// the download failed, log error
return null;
}
}
为了详细说明 aku 的答案,这里有一个关于在哪里设置 IsAsync 的小例子:
ItemsSource="{Binding IsAsync=True,Source={StaticResource ACollection},Path=AnObjectInCollection}"
这就是您将在 XAML 中执行的操作。
BitmapCacheOption.OnLoad
var bmp = await System.Threading.Tasks.Task.Run(() =>
{
BitmapImage img = new BitmapImage();
img.BeginInit();
img.CacheOption = BitmapCacheOption.OnLoad;
img.UriSource = new Uri(path);
img.EndInit();
ImageBrush brush = new ImageBrush(img);
}
使用或扩展 System.ComponentModel.BackgroundWorker:http:
//msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.componentmodel.backgroundworker.aspx
就个人而言,我发现这是在客户端应用程序中执行异步操作的最简单方法。(我在 WinForms 中使用过这个,但不是 WPF。我假设这也适用于 WPF。)
我通常会扩展 Backgroundworker,但您不必这样做。
public class ResizeFolderBackgroundWorker : BackgroundWorker
{
public ResizeFolderBackgroundWorker(string sourceFolder, int resizeTo)
{
this.sourceFolder = sourceFolder;
this.destinationFolder = destinationFolder;
this.resizeTo = resizeTo;
this.WorkerReportsProgress = true;
this.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(ResizeFolderBackgroundWorker_DoWork);
}
void ResizeFolderBackgroundWorker_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
{
DirectoryInfo dirInfo = new DirectoryInfo(sourceFolder);
FileInfo[] files = dirInfo.GetFiles("*.jpg");
foreach (FileInfo fileInfo in files)
{
/* iterate over each file and resizing it */
}
}
}
这是您在表单中使用它的方式:
//handle a button click to start lengthy operation
private void resizeImageButtonClick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string sourceFolder = getSourceFolderSomehow();
resizer = new ResizeFolderBackgroundWorker(sourceFolder,290);
resizer.ProgressChanged += new progressChangedEventHandler(genericProgressChanged);
resizer.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(genericRunWorkerCompleted);
progressBar1.Value = 0;
progressBar1.Visible = true;
resizer.RunWorkerAsync();
}
void genericRunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
{
progressBar1.Visible = false;
//signal to user that operation has completed
}
void genericProgressChanged(object sender, ProgressChangedEventArgs e)
{
progressBar1.Value = e.ProgressPercentage;
//I just update a progress bar
}