swift - 如何在swift中使用守卫而不是if

Question

如何在 swift 中使用 'guard'。我已经阅读了很多关于 'guard' 的文章。但我对此没有清楚的想法。请给我明确的想法。请给我以下 'if' 语句的示例输出。

if firstName != "" 
{
   if lastName != "" 
   {
      if address != "" 
      {
        // do great code
      }
   }
 }

Answer 1

如果不满足一个或多个条件，则使用保护语句将程序控制转移到范围之外。

func doSomething(data: String?) -> String {

    // If data is nil, then return
    guard let data = data else { return "Invalid data" }

    defer { print("This will always be printed if data isn't nil") }

    // data is now a non optional String
    if data.lowercaseString == "ok" { return "Data is \"ok\"" }

    return "I'm your father"
}

print(doSomething("ok"))

输出：

This will always be returned if data isn't nil
Data is "ok"

---

对你的问题多一点：

保护语句中任何条件的值都必须具有符合 BooleanType 协议的类型。

func doSomething(data: String) -> String {

    guard !data.isEmpty else { return "Data is empty" }

    return data
}

print(doSomething("ok")) // ok
print(doSomething(""))   // Data is empty

Answer 2

您也可以使用guard，您的代码将更具可读性

let firstName = "First"
let lastName = "Last"
let address = "" // empty

if firstName != ""
{
    if lastName != ""
    {
        if address != ""
        {
            print(1,firstName,lastName, address)
        } else {
            print(1,"address is empty")
        }
    } else {
        print(1,"lastName is empty")
    }
} else {
    print(1,"firstName is empty")
}

func foo(firstName: String, lastName: String, address: String) {
    guard !firstName.isEmpty else { print(2,"firstName is empty"); return }
    guard !lastName.isEmpty else { print(2,"lastName is empty"); return }
    guard !address.isEmpty else { print(2,"address is empty"); return }

    print(2,firstName,lastName, address)
}

foo(firstName, lastName: lastName, address: address)
/*
 1 address is empty
 2 address is empty
 */
foo(firstName, lastName: lastName, address: "Address")
/*
 2 First Last Address
 */

Answer 3

1. 守卫的目的是验证某些条件，并在不满足该条件时强制停止执行，但 defer 定义了一个代码块，该代码块在执行即将离开当前范围之前不会执行。

2. 在守卫中，一旦可选项被成功解包，解包后的值可以被后续代码使用，而延迟对于执行无条件清理很有用，无论某些操作成功还是失败。

3. Guard 提供了深度嵌套 if-let 的替代方案，而 defer 提供了 try/finally 正确的替代方案。

4. 两者都用于控制流和错误处理

使用保护和延迟：

for imageName in imageNamesList {
    guard let image = UIImage(named: imageName)
else { continue }
    // do something with image
}

func deferExample() {
    defer {
        print(“This will be run last”)
    }
    defer {
         print(“This will be run second-last”)
    }
    print(“operation started”)
    // …
    print(“operation complete”)
}

请看一下http://nstechstack.com/archives/question/223-1

Answer 4

让我们通过非常简单if的方法。

class MySampleClass {

    var sampleString:String?

    func printSampleString() -> Void {


        if let str = sampleString{ ///if sampleString is nil the if will escape

            print(str) ///sampleString is not nil
        }
    }
}

var obj : MySampleClass = MySampleClass()
obj.sampleString = "SampleString"///Assign value to sampleString
obj.printSampleString()

现在让我们来guard接近

class MySampleClass {

    var sampleString:String?

    func printSampleString() -> Void {


        guard let str = sampleString else { ///guard will ensure sampleString is not nil

            return ///if sampleString is nil,then return
        }

        print(str) //sampleString is not nil,so print str!

    }
}

var obj : MySampleClass = MySampleClass()
obj.sampleString = "SampleString"///Assign value to sampleString
obj.printSampleString()