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我在这段 Vulkan API 上遇到了访问冲突。

VkResult err = vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, pipelineCache, 1, &pipelineCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelines.billboard);

错误是：

Exception thrown at 0x00007FFB8BEDB276 (amdvlk64.dll) in 3Dfunctionvisualizer.exe: 0xC0000005: Access violation reading location 0x000000000000004C.

据我所知，所有其他相关代码：

VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo pipelineCacheCreateInfo = {};
pipelineCacheCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_CACHE_CREATE_INFO;
VkResult err = vkCreatePipelineCache(device, &pipelineCacheCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelineCache);

VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssemblyState =
        vkTools::initializers::pipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo(
            VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_POINT_LIST,
            0,
            VK_FALSE);

    VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizationState =
        vkTools::initializers::pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo(
            VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL,
            VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT,
            VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE,
            0);

    VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState blendAttachmentState =
        vkTools::initializers::pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState(
            0xf,
            VK_FALSE);

    VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlendState =
        vkTools::initializers::pipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo(
            1,
            &blendAttachmentState);

    VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depthStencilState =
        vkTools::initializers::pipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo(
            VK_TRUE,
            VK_TRUE,
            VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS_OR_EQUAL);

    VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportState =
        vkTools::initializers::pipelineViewportStateCreateInfo(1, 1, 0);

    VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampleState =
        vkTools::initializers::pipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo(
            VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
            0);

    std::vector<VkDynamicState> dynamicStateEnables = {
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR,
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LINE_WIDTH
    };
    VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamicState =
        vkTools::initializers::pipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo(
            dynamicStateEnables.data(),
            dynamicStateEnables.size(),
            0);

    std::array<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo, 3> shaderStages;

    shaderStages[0] = loadShader("./../data/shaders/3DVisualizer/billboard.vert.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT);
    shaderStages[1] = loadShader("./../data/shaders/3DVisualizer/billboard.geom.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_GEOMETRY_BIT);
    shaderStages[2] = loadShader("./../data/shaders/3DVisualizer/billboard.frag.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);

    VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineCreateInfo =
        vkTools::initializers::pipelineCreateInfo(
            pipelineLayout,
            renderPass,
            0);

    pipelineCreateInfo.pVertexInputState = &vertices.billboard.inputState;
    pipelineCreateInfo.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssemblyState;
    pipelineCreateInfo.pRasterizationState = &rasterizationState;
    pipelineCreateInfo.pColorBlendState = &colorBlendState;
    pipelineCreateInfo.pMultisampleState = &multisampleState;
    pipelineCreateInfo.pViewportState = &viewportState;
    pipelineCreateInfo.pDepthStencilState = &depthStencilState;
    pipelineCreateInfo.pDynamicState = &dynamicState;
    pipelineCreateInfo.stageCount = 3;
    pipelineCreateInfo.pStages = shaderStages.data();
    pipelineCreateInfo.renderPass = renderPass;

device 和 pipelineCache 都由超类设置，该超类由 Sascha Willems 编写，适用于他创建的所有示例，所以我不认为问题会出现。但是，这实际上只留下了 pipelineCreateInfo 或 pipelines.billboard 作为错误的潜在来源。

这两者的处理方式与 Sascha 在他的示例中的示例（几乎完全相同）相同，所以我在这里不知所措。

编辑：我发现了问题。我未能在我的着色器中指定采样器的绑定点。

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