5

我用这个碰了壁。我需要创建一个基于 python 的 com 服务器，将其打包为 windows exe 并将其部署在 windows 上。它必须有一个“完整”的接口——因为消费者需要 idispatch 和一个特定的接口才能运行。现在我已经创建了 com 服务器并让它在解释器下运行，它可以完美地与我挑剔的客户端一起运行。但是，当打包为 EXE（它是本地服务器）时，当系统尝试实例化它时（甚至从 vbs 脚本），我在日志中收到错误消息。所以这里的一切。我在 itnernet 中搜索了高低，它看起来像一个导入问题，但我不知道如何导入我自己的 python 对象供本地服务器使用。

这是安装了 pywin32 扩展的 python 2.7。

所以首先 - 我为服务器创建的 IDL：

imtg.idl

// This file will be processed by the MIDL tool to
// produce the type library (imtg.tlb) and marshalling code.

import "oaidl.idl";
import "ocidl.idl";
    [
        object,
        uuid(4fafbb23-6a38-4613-b93b-68ea66c67043),
        dual,
        helpstring("IImtGroupApp Interface"),
        pointer_default(unique)
    ]
    interface IImtGroupApp : IDispatch
    {
        [id(1), helpstring("method EchoString")] HRESULT EchoString([in] BSTR in1, [out, retval] BSTR *vals);
        [id(2), helpstring("method AddNumbers")] HRESULT AddNumbers([in] long in1, [in] long in2, [out, retval] long *vali);
    };
    [
    uuid(d665e9d0-71a9-4e23-a1b4-abe3376d5c58),
    version(1.0),
    helpstring("ImtGroup 1.0 Type Library")
]
library IMTGROUPLib
{
    importlib("stdole32.tlb");
    importlib("stdole2.tlb");
    importlib("msado15.dll");

    [
        uuid(ced66424-93fb-4307-9062-7bee76d3d8eb),
        helpstring("ImtGroupApp Class")
    ]
    coclass ImtGroupApp {
        [default] interface IImtGroupApp;
    };
};

接下来是 Python 代码——现在这有点棘手，因为当我分发它时，我不想创建 .tlb——所以我不分发 .idy——只要确保你有 .tbl 来注册。如有必要，使用 as admin cmd 提示符。

imtg_server.py

import sys, os
import pythoncom
import win32com
import winerror
# importers check was old py2exe current uses frozen
if hasattr(sys, 'frozen'):
    # we are running as py2exe-packed executable
    print "is an exe"
    pythoncom.frozen = 1
else:
   print "not an exe"

class CImtg:
    _reg_clsctx_ = pythoncom.CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER
    #
    # COM declarations    
    #
    _reg_clsid_ = "{24c0e3fe-58e7-4485-87dc-9f9e823b85e1}"
    _reg_desc_ = "IMTGroup Python test object"
    _reg_progid_ = "ImtGroup.Test"
    if hasattr(sys, 'frozen'):
        # In the py2exe-packed version, specify the module.class
        # to use. In the python script version, python is able
        # to figure it out itself.
        _reg_class_spec_ = "__main__.CImtg"
        print "set reg_class_spec"
        print _reg_class_spec_
    ###
    ### Link to typelib - uuid matches uuid for type library in idl file
    _typelib_guid_ = '{d665e9d0-71a9-4e23-a1b4-abe3376d5c58}'
    _typelib_version_ = 1, 0
    _com_interfaces_ = ['IImtGroupApp']

    def __init__(self):
    ### initialize something here if necessary
    ### The item below is not used in this example
        self.MyProp1 = 10

    def EchoString(self,in1):
        return "Echoing " + in1

    def AddNumbers(self, in1, in2):
        return in1 + in2

def BuildTypelib():
    from distutils.dep_util import newer
    this_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
    idl = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(this_dir, "imtg.idl"))
    tlb=os.path.splitext(idl)[0] + '.tlb'
    if os.path.isfile(idl): 
      # test for idl - if no idl don't create tlb assume its there
      # Comment below for building exe as we will have type library
      if newer(idl, tlb):
         print "Compiling %s" % (idl,)
         rc = os.system ('midl "%s"' % (idl,))
         if rc:
             raise RuntimeError("Compiling MIDL failed!")
        # Can't work out how to prevent MIDL from generating the stubs.
        # just nuke them
         for fname in "dlldata.c imtg_i.c imtg_p.c imtg.h".split():
             os.remove(os.path.join(this_dir, fname))

    print "Registering %s" % (tlb,)
    tli=pythoncom.LoadTypeLib(tlb)
    pythoncom.RegisterTypeLib(tli,tlb)
def UnregisterTypelib():
    k = CImtg
    try:
        pythoncom.UnRegisterTypeLib(k._typelib_guid_, 
                                    k._typelib_version_[0], 
                                    k._typelib_version_[1], 
                                    0, 
                                    pythoncom.SYS_WIN32)
        print "Unregistered typelib"
    except pythoncom.error, details:
        if details[0]==winerror.TYPE_E_REGISTRYACCESS:
            pass
        else:
            raise
if __name__=='__main__':
      print "checking frozen"
      if hasattr(sys, 'frozen'):
         # running as packed executable
         if '--unregister' in sys.argv or '--register' in sys.argv:
            if '--unregister' in sys.argv:  
              # Unregister the type-libraries.
              UnregisterTypelib()
              import win32com.server.register 
              win32com.server.register.UseCommandLine(CImtg)
            else:
              # Build and register the type-libraries.
              BuildTypelib()
              import win32com.server.register 
              win32com.server.register.UseCommandLine(CImtg)
         else:
            import win32com.server
            from win32com.server import localserver
            print "starting the server"
            localserver.main()

      else:
        if '--unregister' in sys.argv:
          # Unregister the type-libraries.
          UnregisterTypelib()
          import win32com.server.register 
          win32com.server.register.UseCommandLine(CImtg)
        else:
          if '--register' in sys.argv:
            # Build and register the type-libraries.
            BuildTypelib()
            import win32com.server.register 
            win32com.server.register.UseCommandLine(CImtg)

接下来是py2exe的设置

我不得不添加 modulefinder 的时髦导入，因为 win32com.shell 未包含在打包的可执行文件中

setup_imtg.py

# This setup script builds a single-file Python inprocess COM server.
#
import modulefinder
import win32com, sys
for p in win32com.__path__[1:]:
    modulefinder.AddPackagePath("win32com",p)
for extra in ["win32com.shell"]:
    __import__(extra)
    m = sys.modules[extra]
    for p in m.__path__[1:]:
        modulefinder.AddPackagePath(extra, p)

from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe
import sys
# If run without args, build executables, in quiet mode.
if len(sys.argv) == 1:
    sys.argv.append("py2exe")
    sys.argv.append("-q")

class Target:
    def __init__(self, **kw):
        self.__dict__.update(kw)
        # for the versioninfo resources
        self.name = "IMTG Server"


################################################################
# pywin32 COM pulls in a lot of stuff which we don't want or need.

CImtg = Target(
    description = "Sample COM server",
    # what to build.  For COM servers, the module name (not the
    # filename) must be specified!
    modules = ["imtg_server"],
    # we only want the inproc server.
    )

excludes = ["pywin", "pywin.debugger", "pywin.debugger.dbgcon",
            "pywin.dialogs", "pywin.dialogs.list"]

options = {
    "bundle_files": 1, # create singlefile exe
    "compressed": 1, # compress the library archive
    "excludes": excludes,
    "dll_excludes": ["w9xpopen.exe"] # we don't need this
    }

setup(
    options = {"py2exe": options},
    zipfile = None, # append zip-archive to the executable.
    com_server = [CImtg]
    )

当您运行生成的 EXE 时，您可以注册

imtg_server --注册

但你不会看到关于输出

--unregister 取消注册

您可以使用此 vbs 文件对其进行测试。

t.vbs

dim MD
set MD = CreateObject("ImtGroup.Test")
dim response
response = MD.EchoString("Really")
MsgBox(response)

当您运行时，将创建一个如下所示的 .log：

pythoncom error: ERROR: server.policy could not create an instance.

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "win32com\server\policy.pyc", line 136, in CreateInstance
  File "win32com\server\policy.pyc", line 194, in _CreateInstance_
  File "win32com\server\policy.pyc", line 727, in call_func
  File "win32com\server\policy.pyc", line 717, in resolve_func
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'CImtg'
pythoncom error: Unexpected gateway error

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "win32com\server\policy.pyc", line 136, in CreateInstance
  File "win32com\server\policy.pyc", line 194, in _CreateInstance_
  File "win32com\server\policy.pyc", line 727, in call_func
  File "win32com\server\policy.pyc", line 717, in resolve_func
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'CImtg'
pythoncom error: CPyFactory::CreateInstance failed to create instance. (80004005)

所以我需要解决这个错误。这个类当然是我的对象。我担心我在服务器中指定的值是：

_reg_class_spec_ = "__main__.CImtg"

是不正确的。main可能指的是包装好的 exe，而不是我自己的没有指定 main 的服务器。我确实尝试创建 main 以及没有更好的结果。我只是不知道 py2exe 如何代理这些类。我尝试使用我的文件名 imtg_server.CImtg，但由于找不到模块而失败。我只尝试了 CImtg，但失败了。我尝试使用 win32com 和 pythoncom 的变体 - 但它就是不这样做。我所拥有的似乎“正确”，所以也许我需要一个额外的reg标签或其他东西？任何帮助是极大的赞赏。谢谢你。

4

1 回答 1

1

我终于想通了。我希望它会帮助其他人在这方面苦苦挣扎。

这是导入的问题。py2exe 打包它的方式是它在作为 com 服务器运行时找不到正确的部分。我在下面发布的内容有效。

所以第一部分是设置需要看起来像这样。注意在选项中添加了“包”，其中包括我的 com 服务器。这很重要，因为我们将__reg_class_spec__明确地更改指向 this 的指向。

所以完整修改的 setup_imtg.py

# This setup script builds a single-file Python inprocess COM server.
#
import modulefinder
import win32com, sys
for p in win32com.__path__[1:]:
    modulefinder.AddPackagePath("win32com",p)
for extra in ["win32com.shell"]:
    __import__(extra)
    m = sys.modules[extra]
    for p in m.__path__[1:]:
        modulefinder.AddPackagePath(extra, p)

from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe
import sys
# If run without args, build executables, in quiet mode.
if len(sys.argv) == 1:
    sys.argv.append("py2exe")
    sys.argv.append("-q")

class Target:
    def __init__(self, **kw):
        self.__dict__.update(kw)
        # for the versioninfo resources
        self.name = "Python TestServer"


################################################################
# pywin32 COM pulls in a lot of stuff which we don't want or need.

CImtg = Target(
    description = "Sample COM Server",
    # what to build.  For COM servers, the module name (not the
    # filename) must be specified!
    modules = ["imtg_server"],
    # we only want the inproc server.
    )

excludes = ["pywin", "pywin.debugger", "pywin.debugger.dbgcon",
            "pywin.dialogs", "pywin.dialogs.list"]

options = {
    "bundle_files": 1, # create singlefile exe
    "packages": ["imtg_server"],
    "compressed": 1, # compress the library archive
    "excludes": excludes,
    "dll_excludes": ["w9xpopen.exe"] # we don't need this
    }

setup(
    options = {"py2exe": options},
    zipfile = None, # append zip-archive to the executable.
    com_server = [CImtg]
    )

现在我更改了服务器代码以指定_reg_class_spec_指向 imtg_server.CImtg。

但这还不是全部！我们从代码中执行此操作以启动 com 服务器。我们不需要这样做！我开始使用 py2exe 并构建了一个 CONSOLE 应用程序而不是 com_server 的初始示例，但 py2exe 确实构建了一个 com 服务器，因此我们不需要再次启动它 - 所以此代码被删除：

    import win32com.server
    from win32com.server import localserver
    print "starting the server"
    localserver.main()

但正如他们所说 - 这还不是全部！由于我们包含了包本身，而这就是我们正在执行的“名称”而__main__不是 imtg_server！

因此，除了 main 之外，这里还有一个检查，以防您正在开发但未部署。现在的大部分代码是确定您正在运行的方式，并检查并正确运行，因为还有一件事！获取我们正在运行的目录以从 IDL 构建类型库或注册类型库将 exe 的名称附加到路径 - 运行解释器时不会！所以我不得不把它去掉。

请记住，当您运行 exe 时，打印语句会被抑制，所以当您注册并且什么都不会显示时不要担心。如果出现问题，将创建一个 .log 文件。

这是 imtg_server.py 的工作代码——享受

import sys, os
import pythoncom
import win32com
import winerror
# importers check was old py2exe current uses frozen
if hasattr(sys, 'frozen'):
    # we are running as py2exe-packed executable
    print "is an exe"
    pythoncom.frozen = 1
else:
   print "not an exe"

class CImtg:
    _reg_clsctx_ = pythoncom.CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER
    #
    # COM declarations    
    #
    _reg_clsid_ = "{24c0e3fe-58e7-4485-87dc-9f9e823b85e1}"
    _reg_desc_ = "IMTGroup Python test object"
    _reg_progid_ = "ImtGroup.Test"
    if hasattr(sys, 'frozen'):
        # In the py2exe-packed version, specify the module.class
        # to use. In the python script version, python is able
        # to figure it out itself.
        _reg_class_spec_ = "imtg_server.CImtg"
        print "set reg_class_spec"
        print _reg_class_spec_
    ###
    ### Link to typelib - uuid matches uuid for type library in idl file
    _typelib_guid_ = '{d665e9d0-71a9-4e23-a1b4-abe3376d5c58}'
    _typelib_version_ = 1, 0
    _com_interfaces_ = ['IImtGroupApp']

    def __init__(self):
    ### initialize something here if necessary
    ### The item below is not used in this example
        self.MyProp1 = 10

    def EchoString(self,in1):
        return "Echoing " + in1

    def AddNumbers(self, in1, in2):
        return in1 + in2

def BuildTypelib():
    from distutils.dep_util import newer
    this_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
    # when running as a exe this directory includes the exe name
    if this_dir.endswith('imtg_server.exe'):
       this_dir = this_dir[:-15]
    idl = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(this_dir, "imtg.idl"))
    tlb=os.path.splitext(idl)[0] + '.tlb'
    if os.path.isfile(idl): 
      # test for idl - if no idl don't create tlb assume its there
      # Comment below for building exe as we will have type library
      if newer(idl, tlb):
         print "Compiling %s" % (idl,)
         rc = os.system ('midl "%s"' % (idl,))
         if rc:
             raise RuntimeError("Compiling MIDL failed!")
        # Can't work out how to prevent MIDL from generating the stubs.
        # just nuke them
         for fname in "dlldata.c imtg_i.c imtg_p.c imtg.h".split():
             os.remove(os.path.join(this_dir, fname))

    print "Registering %s" % (tlb,)
    tli=pythoncom.LoadTypeLib(tlb)
    pythoncom.RegisterTypeLib(tli,tlb)
def UnregisterTypelib():
    k = CImtg
    try:
        pythoncom.UnRegisterTypeLib(k._typelib_guid_, 
                                    k._typelib_version_[0], 
                                    k._typelib_version_[1], 
                                    0, 
                                    pythoncom.SYS_WIN32)
        print "Unregistered typelib"
    except pythoncom.error, details:
        if details[0]==winerror.TYPE_E_REGISTRYACCESS:
            pass
        else:
            raise
if __name__=='__main__' or __name__ =='imtg_server':
      print "checking frozen"

      if hasattr(sys, 'frozen'):
         # running as packed executable

         if '--unregister' in sys.argv or '--register' in sys.argv:
            if '--unregister' in sys.argv:  
              # Unregister the type-libraries.
              UnregisterTypelib()
              import win32com.server.register 
              win32com.server.register.UseCommandLine(CImtg)
            else:
              # Build and register the type-libraries.
              BuildTypelib()
              import win32com.server.register 
              win32com.server.register.UseCommandLine(CImtg)

      else:
        if '--unregister' in sys.argv:
          # Unregister the type-libraries.
          UnregisterTypelib()
          import win32com.server.register 
          win32com.server.register.UseCommandLine(CImtg)
        else:
          if '--register' in sys.argv:
            # Build and register the type-libraries.
            BuildTypelib()
            import win32com.server.register 
            win32com.server.register.UseCommandLine(CImtg)
于 2016-03-04T07:59:49.133 回答