60

我对 Angular 和 rxjs 很陌生。我正在尝试创建一个 angular2 应用程序,该应用程序从静态提供的文本文件(在服务器上本地)获取一些数据,我想在固定时间使用 Angular2 的 http 提供程序和 rxjs 的映射来检索并映射到 Datamodel interval(5000)。反映对提供的 txt 文件的任何更改。

使用 rxjs 4.x,我知道您可以使用Observable.interval(5000)它来完成这项工作,但它似乎在 rxjs 5 中不存在。我的解决方法目前使用<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5" >重新加载整个页面来刷新整个应用程序,从而重新加载数据。

所以我真正想要的是某种方法来使用 observables 来做到这一点,也许是为了检查是否发生了任何变化。或者只是重新加载数据。

任何帮助或其他/更好的方式将不胜感激。

到目前为止我所拥有的:

@Injectable()
export class DataService {

    constructor(private http:Http){}

    getData(url) {
        return this.http.get(url)
            .map(res => {
                return res.text();
            })
            .map(res => {
                return res.split("\n");
            })
            .map(res => {
                var dataModels: DataModel[] = [];
                res.forEach(str => {
                    var s = str.split(",");
                    if(s[0] !== "") {
                        dataModels.push(new DataModel(s[0], parseInt(s[1]), parseInt(s[2])));
                    }
                });
                return dataModels;
            })
    }
}

@Component({
selector: 'my-app',
template: `Some html to display the data`,
providers: [DataService],
export class AppComponent {

data:DataModel[];

constructor(dataService:DataService) {}

ngOnInit() {
    this.dataService.getData('url').subscribe(
        res => {
            this.data= res;

        },
        err => console.log(err),
        () => console.log("Data received")
        );
    }
}

依赖:package.json

"dependencies": {
  "angular2": "^2.0.0-beta.3",
  "bootstrap": "^4.0.0-alpha.2",
  "es6-promise": "^3.0.2",
  "es6-shim": "^0.33.13",
  "jquery": "^2.2.0",
  "reflect-metadata": "^0.1.2",
  "rxjs": "^5.0.0-beta.0",
  "systemjs": "^0.19.20",
  "zone.js": "^0.5.11"
},
"devDependencies": {
  "typescript": "^1.7.5"
}

index.html 进口:

<script src="node_modules/es6-shim/es6-shim.min.js"></script>
<script src="node_modules/systemjs/dist/system-polyfills.js"></script>

<script src="node_modules/angular2/bundles/angular2-polyfills.js"></script>
<script src="node_modules/systemjs/dist/system.src.js"></script>
<script src="node_modules/rxjs/bundles/Rx.js"></script>
<script src="node_modules/angular2/bundles/angular2.dev.js"></script>
<script src="node_modules/angular2/bundles/router.dev.js"></script>
<script src="node_modules/angular2/bundles/http.dev.js"></script>
4

6 回答 6

85

正如@Adam 和@Ploppy 所提到的, Observable.interval() 现在已被弃用,而不是创建此类可观察对象的首选方式。这样做的首选方法是通过 IntervalObservable 或 TimerObservable。[目前在 Typscript 2.5.2、rxjs 5.4.3、Angular 4.0.0]

我想在这个答案中添加一些用法,以展示我在 Angular 2 框架中找到的最佳方法。

首先是您的服务(通过“ng g service MyExample”命令在 Angular cli 中创建)。假设该服务是 RESTful(http get 请求返回一个 json):

我的示例.service.ts

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { Http, Response} from "@angular/http";
import { MyDataModel } from "./my-data-model";
import { Observable } from "rxjs";
import 'rxjs/Rx';

@Injectable()
export class MyExampleService {
  private url = 'http://localhost:3000'; // full uri of the service to consume here

  constructor(private http: Http) { }

  get(): Observable<MyDataModel>{
    return this.http
      .get(this.url)
      .map((res: Response) => res.json());
  }
}

*** 查看 Angular 5 服务的底部更新 ***

现在您的组件代码('ng g component MyExample'):

我的示例.component.ts:

import { Component, OnDestroy, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { MyDataModel } from "../my-data-model";
import { MyExampleService } from "../my-example.service";
import { Observable } from "rxjs";
import { IntervalObservable } from "rxjs/observable/IntervalObservable";
import 'rxjs/add/operator/takeWhile';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-my-example',
  templateUrl: './my-example.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./my-example.component.css']
})
export class MyExampleComponent implements OnInit, OnDestroy {
  private data: MyDataModel;
  private display: boolean; // whether to display info in the component
                            // use *ngIf="display" in your html to take
                            // advantage of this

  private alive: boolean; // used to unsubscribe from the IntervalObservable
                          // when OnDestroy is called.

  constructor(private myExampleService: MyExampleService) {
    this.display = false;
    this.alive = true;
  }

  ngOnInit() {
    // get our data immediately when the component inits
    this.myExampleService.get()
      .first() // only gets fired once
      .subscribe((data) => {
        this.data = data;
        this.display = true;
      });

    // get our data every subsequent 10 seconds
    IntervalObservable.create(10000)
      .takeWhile(() => this.alive) // only fires when component is alive
      .subscribe(() => {
        this.myExampleService.get()
          .subscribe(data => {
            this.data = data;
          });
      });
  }

  ngOnDestroy(){
    this.alive = false; // switches your IntervalObservable off
  }
}

=== 编辑 ===

更新了组件 ts 代码以通过 TimerObservable 合并订阅:

import { Component, OnDestroy, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { MyDataModel } from "../my-data-model";
import { MyExampleService } from "../my-example.service";
import { Observable } from "rxjs";
import { TimerObservable } from "rxjs/observable/TimerObservable";
import 'rxjs/add/operator/takeWhile';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-my-example',
  templateUrl: './my-example.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./my-example.component.css']
})
export class MyExampleComponent implements OnInit, OnDestroy {
  private data: MyDataModel;
  private display: boolean; // whether to display info in the component
                            // use *ngIf="display" in your html to take
                            // advantage of this

  private alive: boolean; // used to unsubscribe from the TimerObservable
                          // when OnDestroy is called.
  private interval: number;

  constructor(private myExampleService: MyExampleService) {
    this.display = false;
    this.alive = true;
    this.interval = 10000;
  }

  ngOnInit() {
    TimerObservable.create(0, this.interval)
      .takeWhile(() => this.alive)
      .subscribe(() => {
        this.myExampleService.get()
          .subscribe((data) => {
            this.data = data;
            if(!this.display){
              this.display = true;
            }
          });
      });
  }

  ngOnDestroy(){
    this.alive = false; // switches your TimerObservable off
  }
}

=== 编辑 ===

my-example-service.ts(使用 HttpClient a la Angular 5):

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpClient} from "@angular/common/http";
import { MyDataModel } from "./my-data-model";
import { Observable } from "rxjs";
import 'rxjs/Rx';

@Injectable()
export class MyExampleService {
  private url = 'http://localhost:3000'; // full uri of the service to consume here

  constructor(private http: HttpClient) { }

  get(): Observable<MyDataModel>{
    return this.http
      .get<MyDataModel>(this.url);
  }
}

请注意更改为使用 HttpClient 而不是 Http(在 angular5 中已弃用)和 get 方法,该方法允许将响应解析到我们的数据模型中,而无需使用 rxjs .map() 运算符。虽然服务更改为 angular 5,但组件代码保持不变。

于 2017-06-07T17:05:59.217 回答
31

您可以使用Angular2中的interval方法。Observable

import {Component,Input} from 'angular2/core';
import {Observable} from 'rxjs/Rx';

@Component({
  selector: 'my-app',
  template: `
    <div>
      {{message}}
    </div>
  `
})
export class AppComponent {
  constructor() {
    Observable.interval(500)
          .take(10).map((x) => x+1)
          .subscribe((x) => {
            this.message = x;
          }):
  }
}

这是描述此内容的相应 plunkr:https ://plnkr.co/edit/pVMEbbGSzMwSBS4XEXJI?p=preview 。

基于此,您可以插入您的 HTTP 请求:

initializePolling() {
  return Observable
     .interval(60000)
     .flatMap(() => {
       return this.dataService.getData('url'));
     });
}
于 2016-02-10T13:35:58.773 回答
20

我认为由于最近 rxjs/observable 的变化,这个答案不再有效你现在必须使用 IntervalObservable。

https://github.com/ReactiveX/rxjs/blob/master/src/observable/IntervalObservable.ts

import { IntervalObservable } from 'rxjs/observable/IntervalObservable';

@Component({
  ...
})
export class AppComponent {
  n: number = 0;
  constructor() {
    IntervalObservable.create(1000).subscribe(n => this.n = n);
  }
}
于 2016-10-27T12:58:22.903 回答
8

对于TypeScript(回答时为1.8.10)/angular2(回答时为rc1)和rxjs@5.0.0(回答时为beta.6),您需要使用IntervalObservable扩展Observable

import {IntervalObservable} from 'rxjs/observable/IntervalObservable'

IntervalObservable.create(5000).take(10).map((x) => x + 1)
于 2016-05-05T01:11:57.727 回答
2

这可以通过以下方式轻松完成switchMap

Observable.timer(0, 5000)
          .switchMap((t) =>
            this.http.get(...).pipe(
                catchError(...)
            )
          )
          .subscribe(...)
于 2019-05-08T08:52:07.923 回答
2

免责声明:这最初是对另一个答案的编辑,但包含太多更改。

这可以通过以下方式轻松完成switchMap

Observable.timer(0, 5000)
  .switchMap(() => this.http.get(...).pipe(...)
  .subscribe(...)

或者在RxJS 6语法中:

import { timer } from 'rxjs';
import { switchMap } from 'rxjs/operators';

timer(0, 5000) // repeats every 5 seconds
  .pipe(switchMap(() => this.http.get(...).pipe(...))
  .subscribe(...);

您甚至可以使用 ainterval而不是 a timer

import { interval } from 'rxjs';
import { switchMap } from 'rxjs/operators';

interval(5000) // repeats every 5 seconds
  .pipe(switchMap(() => this.http.get(...).pipe(...))
  .subscribe(...);
于 2019-07-23T15:34:16.310 回答