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我试图证明这个功能,但徒劳无功。我也在使用另一个功能,但我证明了这一点。

有人可以帮我吗?

        I'm using Frama-C Sodium version with Alt-ergo 3 as prover.

  Given a not-empty string x.  An integer number p such that
    0 < p ≤|x| is meant to be "a period of x" if

      x[i] = x[i + p]

    for i = 0, 1, ... , |x| − p − 1.
    Note that, for each not-empty string, the length of the string
    is a period of itself.  In this way, every not-empty string
    has got at least one period.  So is well formed the concept of minimum
    period of string x, denoted by per(x):

      per(x) = min { p | p is period of x }.

    Write a C function

       unsigned per(const char x[], unsigned l)

    that, given a string x of length l, returns per(x). 

这是我到目前为止编写的代码和规范:

/*@ 
    requires l > 0;
    requires p >= 0;

    behavior zero:
      assumes  p == l;
      ensures \result == 1;

    behavior one: 
      assumes l != p && (l%p) == 0;
      assumes \forall int i; 0 <= i < l-p-1 ==> x[i] == x[i+p];
      ensures \result == 1;

   behavior two:
      assumes l != p && (l%p) == 0;
      assumes !(\forall int i; 0 <= i < l-p-1 ==> x[i] == x[i+p]);
      ensures \result == 0;

   behavior three:
     assumes p != l && l%p != 0;
     ensures \result == 0;

   complete behaviors;
   disjoint behaviors;
*/

unsigned has_period(const char x[], unsigned int p, unsigned l) {
    if (p == l) return 1;
    if ((l % p) != 0) return 0;
        /*@
            loop assigns i;

            loop invariant \forall int j; 0 <= j < i ==> (x[j] == x[j+p]);
            loop invariant i <= l-p-1;
            loop invariant i >= 0;
        */

        for (int i = 0 ; i < l-p-1 ; ++i) {
            if (x[i] != x[i + p])
               return 0;
        }     

    return 1; 
}

/*
   predicate has_period(char* x, unsigned int p, unsigned l) =
      \forall int i; i < (l-p-1) ==>  x[i] == x[i+p]; 
*/

/*@
    requires l > 0;
    requires \valid(x+(0..l-1));

    ensures 1 <= \result <= l;
    ensures \forall unsigned int i; i < (l-\result-1) ==> x[i] == x[i+\result];
    ensures \forall unsigned int p; 1 <= p < \result ==> !(\forall int i; i < (l-p-1) ==> x[i] == x[i+p]);
*/

unsigned per(const char x[], unsigned l) {
     int p = 1;

    /*@
        loop assigns p;

        loop invariant 1 <= p <= l;
        loop invariant \forall unsigned j; 1 <= j < p ==> !(\forall int i; i < (l-j-1) ==> x[i] == x[i+j] || (l%p) == 0);
        loop invariant p >= 0;
    */

    while(p < l && !has_period(x,p,l)) 
        ++p;

    return p;
}
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1 回答 1

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如果您告诉我们您的具体问题是什么,而不是笼统的“它不起作用”,那将会有所帮助,但这里有几点:

  • 你的合同缺少assigns条款。在使用 WP 时,这些不是has_period可选的,尤其是对于在您的开发中调用的函数。WP 需要这些子句来知道在调用期间哪些位置可能发生了变化,并通过补充,哪些位置保持不变。
  • 您已经给出了关于什么是周期性字符串的一个很好的半正式定义。您应该使用它来定义 ACSL 谓词periodic(与 C 函数采用相同的参数has_period),并根据该谓词编写规范。这将大大简化您的注释。特别has_period不需要4个行为:如果periodic持有则必须返回1,如果periodic不持有则必须返回0
  • 使用-wp-rte会导致一堆未经证实的义务。根据您的任务,您可能希望加强您的规范,特别是关于 . 指向的位置的有效性x
于 2016-01-25T18:20:59.080 回答