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我需要实现一个库,该库使用 LLVM/Clang 作为后端将 C 代码编译为 eBPF 字节码。这些代码将从内存中读取,我也需要在内存中获取生成的汇编代码。

到目前为止,我已经能够使用以下代码编译为 LLVM IR:

#include <string>
#include <vector>

#include <clang/Frontend/CompilerInstance.h>
#include <clang/Basic/DiagnosticOptions.h>
#include <clang/Frontend/TextDiagnosticPrinter.h>
#include <clang/CodeGen/CodeGenAction.h>
#include <clang/Basic/TargetInfo.h>
#include <llvm/Support/TargetSelect.h>

using namespace std;
using namespace clang;
using namespace llvm;

int main() {

    constexpr auto testCodeFileName = "test.cpp";
    constexpr auto testCode = "int test() { return 2+2; }";

    // Prepare compilation arguments
    vector<const char *> args;
    args.push_back(testCodeFileName);

    // Prepare DiagnosticEngine 
    DiagnosticOptions DiagOpts;
    TextDiagnosticPrinter *textDiagPrinter =
            new clang::TextDiagnosticPrinter(errs(),
                                         &DiagOpts);
    IntrusiveRefCntPtr<clang::DiagnosticIDs> pDiagIDs;
    DiagnosticsEngine *pDiagnosticsEngine =
            new DiagnosticsEngine(pDiagIDs,
                                         &DiagOpts,
                                         textDiagPrinter);

    // Initialize CompilerInvocation
    CompilerInvocation *CI = new CompilerInvocation();
    CompilerInvocation::CreateFromArgs(*CI, &args[0], &args[0] +     args.size(), *pDiagnosticsEngine);

    // Map code filename to a memoryBuffer
    StringRef testCodeData(testCode);
    unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> buffer = MemoryBuffer::getMemBufferCopy(testCodeData);
    CI->getPreprocessorOpts().addRemappedFile(testCodeFileName, buffer.get());


    // Create and initialize CompilerInstance
    CompilerInstance Clang;
    Clang.setInvocation(CI);
    Clang.createDiagnostics();

    // Set target (I guess I can initialize only the BPF target, but I don't know how)
    InitializeAllTargets();
    const std::shared_ptr<clang::TargetOptions> targetOptions = std::make_shared<clang::TargetOptions>();
    targetOptions->Triple = string("bpf");
    TargetInfo *pTargetInfo = TargetInfo::CreateTargetInfo(*pDiagnosticsEngine,targetOptions);
    Clang.setTarget(pTargetInfo);

    // Create and execute action
    // CodeGenAction *compilerAction = new EmitLLVMOnlyAction();
    CodeGenAction *compilerAction = new EmitAssemblyAction();
    Clang.ExecuteAction(*compilerAction);

    buffer.release();
}

要编译,我使用以下 CMakeLists.txt:

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.3.2)
project(clang_backend CXX)

set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER "clang++")

execute_process(COMMAND llvm-config --cxxflags OUTPUT_VARIABLE LLVM_CONFIG OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE)
execute_process(COMMAND llvm-config --libs OUTPUT_VARIABLE LLVM_LIBS OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE)

set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS ${LLVM_CONFIG})

set(CLANG_LIBS clang clangFrontend clangDriver clangSerialization clangParse
    clangCodeGen  clangSema clangAnalysis clangEdit clangAST clangLex
    clangBasic )

add_executable(clang_backend main.cpp)
target_link_libraries(clang_backend ${CLANG_LIBS})
target_link_libraries(clang_backend ${LLVM_LIBS})

如果我理解正确,如果我将编译器操作更改为 EmitAssemblyAction(),我应该能够生成汇编代码,但我可能没有初始化某些东西,因为我在 llvm::TargetPassConfig::addPassesToHandleExceptions 中遇到分段错误(这个=this@entry=0x6d8d30) 在 /tmp/llvm-3.7.1.src/lib/CodeGen/Passes.cpp:419

这一行的代码是:

switch (TM->getMCAsmInfo()->getExceptionHandlingType()) {

有没有人有一个例子或知道我错过了什么?

4

2 回答 2

7

因此,如果您在打开断言的情况下编译 LLVM,错误会更加清晰,它实际上会告诉您需要做什么:

x: .../src/llvm/lib/CodeGen/LLVMTargetMachine.cpp:63: 
void llvm::LLVMTargetMachine::initAsmInfo(): 
Assertion `TmpAsmInfo && "MCAsmInfo not initialized. " 
"Make sure you include the correct TargetSelect.h" 
"and that InitializeAllTargetMCs() is being invoked!"' failed.

(我添加了一些换行符,因为它打印为一条长线)。

InitializeAllTargetMCs()在开头添加 required后main,我得到了另一个错误。查看我的编译器的目标文件生成,我“猜测”这是另一个InitializeAll*调用的问题。一点点测试,结果证明你也需要InitializeAllAsmPrinters();——考虑到你想要生成汇编代码,这是有道理的。

我不完全确定如何“查看”代码中的结果,但是将这两个添加到代码的开头main会使其运行完成而不是断言、退出并出现错误或崩溃——这通常是正确的一步方向。

所以这就是main“我的”代码中的样子:

int main() {

    constexpr auto testCodeFileName = "test.cpp";
    constexpr auto testCode = "int test() { return 2+2; }";

    InitializeAllTargetMCs();
    InitializeAllAsmPrinters();

    // Prepare compilation arguments
    vector<const char *> args;
    args.push_back(testCodeFileName);

    // Prepare DiagnosticEngine 
    DiagnosticOptions DiagOpts;
    TextDiagnosticPrinter *textDiagPrinter =
            new clang::TextDiagnosticPrinter(errs(),
                                         &DiagOpts);
    IntrusiveRefCntPtr<clang::DiagnosticIDs> pDiagIDs;
    DiagnosticsEngine *pDiagnosticsEngine =
            new DiagnosticsEngine(pDiagIDs,
                                         &DiagOpts,
                                         textDiagPrinter);

    // Initialize CompilerInvocation
    CompilerInvocation *CI = new CompilerInvocation();
    CompilerInvocation::CreateFromArgs(*CI, &args[0], &args[0] +     args.size(), *pDiagnosticsEngine);

    // Map code filename to a memoryBuffer
    StringRef testCodeData(testCode);
    unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> buffer = MemoryBuffer::getMemBufferCopy(testCodeData);
    CI->getPreprocessorOpts().addRemappedFile(testCodeFileName, buffer.get());


    // Create and initialize CompilerInstance
    CompilerInstance Clang;
    Clang.setInvocation(CI);
    Clang.createDiagnostics();

    // Set target (I guess I can initialize only the BPF target, but I don't know how)
    InitializeAllTargets();
    const std::shared_ptr<clang::TargetOptions> targetOptions = std::make_shared<clang::TargetOptions>();
    targetOptions->Triple = string("bpf");
    TargetInfo *pTargetInfo = TargetInfo::CreateTargetInfo(*pDiagnosticsEngine,targetOptions);
    Clang.setTarget(pTargetInfo);

    // Create and execute action
    // CodeGenAction *compilerAction = new EmitLLVMOnlyAction();
    CodeGenAction *compilerAction = new EmitAssemblyAction();
    Clang.ExecuteAction(*compilerAction);

    buffer.release();
}

我强烈建议,如果你想使用 clang&LLVM 进行开发,那么你构建一个 Clang&LLVM 的调试版本——这将有助于追踪“为什么”,也有助于及早发现问题以及更明显的问题。使用-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debugwithcmake来获得那种味道。

我用于构建 LLVM 和 Clang 的完整脚本:

export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++ 
cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/llvm-debug -DLLVM_TAR
GETS_TO_BUILD=X86 ../llvm

[我使用的是 3.8 的后期预发布版本来测试这个,但我非常怀疑它在这方面与 3.7.1 有很大不同]

于 2016-01-18T23:32:12.697 回答
2

如果有人遇到类似的问题,我已经能够从/向内存进行编译,通过标准输入发送代码并从标准输出获取输出。

我不知道是否有其他方法可以实现这一点,也许使用 clang::Driver,但是阅读 Clang/LLVM 源代码我发现获取对象需要执行的操作是 EmitObjAction() 和如果没有从标准输入接收到输入,这个动作似乎总是产生一个 .o 文件。

因此,我在执行操作之前替换了管道的标准输入/标准输出,这样可以避免生成文件。

#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>

#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#include <clang/Frontend/CompilerInstance.h>
#include <clang/Basic/DiagnosticOptions.h>
#include <clang/Frontend/TextDiagnosticPrinter.h>
#include <clang/CodeGen/CodeGenAction.h>
#include <clang/Basic/TargetInfo.h>
#include <llvm/Support/TargetSelect.h>
#include <llvm/IR/Module.h>

using namespace std;
using namespace clang;
using namespace llvm;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{ 
    // code to compile for the eBPF virtual machine
    constexpr auto testCode = "int main() { return get_nbs(); }";

    // Send code through a pipe to stdin
    int codeInPipe[2];
    pipe2(codeInPipe, O_NONBLOCK);
    write(codeInPipe[1], (void *) testCode, strlen(testCode));
    close(codeInPipe[1]); // We need to close the pipe to send an EOF
    dup2(codeInPipe[0], STDIN_FILENO);

    // Prepare reception of code through stdout
    int codeOutPipe[2];
    pipe(codeOutPipe);
    dup2(codeOutPipe[1], STDOUT_FILENO);

    // Initialize various LLVM/Clang components
    InitializeAllTargetMCs();   
    InitializeAllAsmPrinters();
    InitializeAllTargets();

    // Prepare compilation arguments
    vector<const char *> args;
    args.push_back("--target=bpf"); // Target is bpf assembly
    args.push_back("-xc"); // Code is in c language
    args.push_back("-"); // Read code from stdin

    CompilerInvocation *CI = createInvocationFromCommandLine(makeArrayRef(args) , NULL);

    // Create CompilerInstance
    CompilerInstance Clang;
    Clang.setInvocation(CI);

    // Initialize CompilerInstace
    Clang.createDiagnostics();

    // Create and execute action
    CodeGenAction *compilerAction; 
    compilerAction = new EmitObjAction();
    Clang.ExecuteAction(*compilerAction);

    // Get compiled object (be carefull with buffer size)
    close(codeInPipe[0]);
    char objBuffer[2048];
    read(codeOutPipe[0], objBuffer, 2048); 

    return 0;
}
于 2016-01-23T18:11:46.967 回答