我编写了一个 Red-Black Tree 实现,具有内置的中序遍历(使用 nested class Iterator
)。
我正在寻找一种(迭代,如果可能的话)算法,该算法使用中序遍历以图形方式打印二叉树。
打印方向不相关,即命令行输出中的树可以像这样定向(格式化):
2
/ \
1 4
/ \
3 5
或像这样:
|1
|
|
2
| |3
| |
|4
|
|5
甚至是颠倒的,但树应该使用in-oder遍历打印,使用下面提供的方法:
void Iteraor::first(); // Traverses to the first node.
void Iterator::next(); // Traverses to the next node.
void Iterator::last(); // Traverses to the last node.
所以有可能做这样的事情:
RBTree tree;
/* Tree init. */
Iterator from(&tree), until(&tree);
from.first();
until.last();
for (Iterator i = from; i != until; i.next()) {
// PRINTING.
}
这是原始代码:
/** A program for Red-Black Tree manipulation: insertion and value retrieval.
* All position relations (first, last, previous, next) are in-order.
*/
class RBTree {
struct Node {
enum class Colour : bool { RED, BLACK };
int value;
Node *left, *right, *parent;
Colour colour;
public:
/* ... */
};
class Iterator {
class Stack {
/* ... */
};
Stack stack;
const RBTree* const tree; // Once set, neither the reference nor the referenced object's attributes can be modified.
Node* pointer;
public:
Iterator(const RBTree*);
void first();
void next();
void last();
/* ... */
Node* getNode() const;
bool operator != (const Iterator&) const;
};
Node *root;
Iterator iterator;
public:
RBTree() : root(nullptr), iterator(this) {}
/* ... */
bool printTree() const;
~RBTree() { deleteTree(); }
};
// TREE // public: //
/* ... */
bool RBTree::printTree() const {
if (root != nullptr) {
// print ??
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
// NODE: Ensures the proper connection. //
void RBTree::Node::setLeft(Node *p_left) {
left = p_left;
if (p_left != nullptr)
p_left->parent = this;
}
void RBTree::Node::setRight(Node *p_right) {
right = p_right;
if (p_right != nullptr)
p_right->parent = this;
}
// ITERATOR //
RBTree::Iterator::Iterator(const RBTree* p_tree) : tree(p_tree), pointer(p_tree->root) {}
// Traverses to the first node (leftmost).
void RBTree::Iterator::first() {
if (pointer != nullptr) {
while (true) {
if (pointer != nullptr) {
stack.push(pointer);
pointer = pointer->left;
}
else {
pointer = stack.peek();
break;
}
}
}
}
// Traverses to next node in-order.
void RBTree::Iterator::next() {
if (pointer != nullptr) {
if (!stack.isEmpty()) {
pointer = stack.pop();
if (pointer->right != nullptr) {
pointer = pointer->right;
first();
}
}
}
}
// Traverses to the last node (rightmost).
void RBTree::Iterator::last() {
pointer = tree->root;
if (pointer != nullptr)
while (pointer->right != nullptr)
pointer = pointer->right;
stack.clear();
}
/* ... */
RBTree::Node* RBTree::Iterator::getNode() const {
return pointer;
}
bool RBTree::Iterator::operator != (const Iterator& p_iterator) const {
return pointer != p_iterator.pointer ? true : false;
}
我已经研究了类似问题的回答,但是没有一个算法使用中序遍历(并且其中大多数是递归的)。
编辑:
遵循@nonsensickle 的建议,代码被缩减到最低限度。