r - 什么代表 SEM 中清单变量上的弓形箭头？

Question

lavaan我使用和库进行 SEM semplot，并使用 lavaan 包的示例（Wheaton 的异化稳定性）

lower <-
  '
11.834,
6.947,    9.364,
6.819,    5.091,   12.532,
4.783,    5.028,    7.495,    9.986,
-3.839,   -3.889,   -3.841,   -3.625,   9.610,
-21.899,  -18.831,  -21.748,  -18.775,  35.522,  450.288
'
# convert to a full symmetric covariance matrix with names
wheaton.cov <- getCov(lower, names=c("anomia67","powerless67", "anomia71",
                                     "powerless71","education","sei"))
# the model
wheaton.model <-
  '
# measurement model
ses     =~ education + sei
alien67 =~ anomia67 + powerless67
alien71 =~ anomia71 + powerless71
# equations
alien71 ~ alien67 + ses
alien67 ~ ses
# correlated residuals
anomia67 ~~ anomia71
powerless67 ~~ powerless71'

fit <- sem(wheaton.model, sample.cov=wheaton.cov, sample.nobs=932)

semPaths(fit,whatLables="par",layout = "spring")

而且我不明白什么代表了清单和潜在变量上的准确箭头。

Answer 1

这些箭头代表潜在变量和观察变量的残差。通常称为 ψi,i。我想给你一个像样的来源，但只能找到一个直接以图形和文本形式显示它的演示文稿。