SQLite 在过去 4 年中得到了改进,因此现在共享内存数据库成为可能。检查以下代码:
import sqlite3
foobar_uri = 'file:foobar_database?mode=memory&cache=shared'
not_really_foobar_uri = 'file:not_really_foobar?mode=memory&cache=shared'
# connect to databases in no particular order
db2 = sqlite3.connect(foobar_uri, uri=True)
db_lol = sqlite3.connect(not_really_foobar_uri, uri=True)
db1 = sqlite3.connect(foobar_uri, uri=True)
# create cursor as db2
cur2 = db2.cursor()
# create table as db2
db2.execute('CREATE TABLE foo (NUMBER bar)')
# insert values as db1
db1.execute('INSERT INTO foo VALUES (42)')
db1.commit()
# and fetch them from db2 through cur2
cur2.execute('SELECT * FROM foo')
print(cur2.fetchone()[0]) # 42
# test that db_lol is not shared with db1 and db2
try:
db_lol.cursor().execute('SELECT * FROM foo')
except sqlite3.OperationalError as exc:
print(exc) # just as expected
数据库访问是故意纠缠在一起的,以表明从 SQLite 的角度来看,同名的内存数据库的两个连接是相同的。
参考:
- SQLite URI
- SQLite 共享缓存
不幸的是,URI 连接仅在 Python 3.4 之后可用。但是,如果你有 Python 2.6 或更高版本(但不是 Python 3),内置sqlite3
模块仍然能够导入 APSW 连接,可以使用它来达到相同的效果。插入式sqlite3
模块更换如下:
from sqlite3 import *
from sqlite3 import connect as _connect
from apsw import Connection as _ApswConnection
from apsw import SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE as _SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE
from apsw import SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE as _SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE
from apsw import SQLITE_OPEN_URI as _SQLITE_OPEN_URI
# APSW and pysqlite use different instances of sqlite3 library, so initializing
# APSW won't help pysqlite. Because pysqlite does not expose any way to
# explicitly call sqlite3_initialize(), here goes an ugly hack. This only has
# to be done once per process.
_connect(':memory:').close()
def connect(database, timeout=5.0, detect_types=0, isolation_level=None,
check_same_thread=True, factory=Connection, cached_statements=100,
uri=False):
flags = _SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | _SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE
if uri:
flags |= _SQLITE_OPEN_URI
db = _ApswConnection(database, flags, None, cached_statements)
conn = _connect(db, timeout, detect_types, isolation_level,
check_same_thread, factory, cached_statements)
return conn