我试图在我的 maven Java 项目中运行各种 Web 驱动程序（ChromeDriver 和 HtmlUnitDriver），但遇到了我怀疑是 maven 依赖问题的错误。我正在查看是否有人可以帮助我找出错误的根源？
以下是错误消息：
（对于 Chrome 驱动程序）
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalStateException: The path to the driver executable must be set by the webdriver.chrome.driver system property; for more information, see http://code.google.com/p/selenium/wiki/ChromeDriver. The latest version can be downloaded from http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html
at com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkState(Preconditions.java:197)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverService.findExecutable(DriverService.java:105)
at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriverService.createDefaultService(ChromeDriverService.java:89)
at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:117)
...etc...
（对于 HTMLUnitDriver）
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.VerifyError: Cannot inherit from final class
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:760)
at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:467)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(URLClassLoader.java:73)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:368)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:362)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:361)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:331)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.HttpWebConnection.createHttpClient(HttpWebConnection.java:542)
at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.HttpWebConnection.getHttpClient(HttpWebConnection.java:506)
at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.HttpWebConnection.getResponse(HttpWebConnection.java:150)
at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient.loadWebResponseFromWebConnection(WebClient.java:1281)
at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient.loadWebResponse(WebClient.java:1198)
at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient.getPage(WebClient.java:307)
at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient.getPage(WebClient.java:376)
at org.openqa.selenium.htmlunit.HtmlUnitDriver.get(HtmlUnitDriver.java:474)
at org.openqa.selenium.htmlunit.HtmlUnitDriver.get(HtmlUnitDriver.java:463)
...etc...
我检查了我的 pom.xml 文件（相关部分如下），但我仍然不确定问题出在哪里。
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.ret</groupId>
<artifactId>inventory</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
<name>inventory</name>
<description>Core inventory modules to support plugins and batch reports.</description>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>ret</id>
<url>https://dev2.ret.com/snapshots</url>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>sonatype</id>
<url>http://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/releases/</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
<distributionManagement>
<snapshotRepository>
<id>maven3-snapshot-repository</id>
<name>Maven3 Snapshot Repository</name>
<url>scp://dev.ret.com/snapshots/</url>
<uniqueVersion>false</uniqueVersion>
</snapshotRepository>
</distributionManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.ret</groupId>
<artifactId>common</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion> <!-- declare the exclusion here -->
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-htmlunit-driver</artifactId>
<version>2.37.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-chrome-driver</artifactId>
<version>2.37.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.ret</groupId>
<artifactId>crawl</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.ret</groupId>
<artifactId>plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>postgresql</groupId>
<artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
<version>9.1-901.jdbc4</version>
<type>jar</type>
<optional>false</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.7</source>
<target>1.7</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>shade</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<artifactSet>
<excludes>
<exclude>junit:junit</exclude>
<exclude>org.apache.maven:lib:tests</exclude>
<exclude>crawl*:jar</exclude>
</excludes>
</artifactSet>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
<extensions>
<extension>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.wagon</groupId>
<artifactId>wagon-ssh</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
</extension>
</extensions>
</build>
这是我在其上运行 Web 驱动程序的测试类。
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.htmlunit.HtmlUnitDriver;
public class TestClass {
public static void main(String[] args){
WebDriver driver = new HtmlUnitDriver();
driver.get("http://www.google.com");
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/Users/tank/Documents/workspace/chromedriver");
WebDriver webDriver = new ChromeDriver();
webDriver.get("http://www.google.com");
}
}
任何形式的关于可能的错误来源的帮助/反馈将不胜感激:) 谢谢！