有没有人有可信的 Proper Case 或 PCase 算法（类似于 UCase 或 Upper）？我正在寻找具有诸如"GEORGE BURDELL"or之类的值"george burdell"并将其转换为"George Burdell".
我有一个处理简单案例的简单案例。理想的情况是拥有一些可以处理诸如"O'REILLY"并将其变成的东西"O'Reilly"，但我知道这更难。
如果这样可以简化事情，我主要关注英语。
更新：我使用 C# 作为语言，但我几乎可以转换任何东西（假设存在类似的功能）。
我同意麦当劳的场景是一个艰难的。我的意思是在我的 O'Reilly 示例中提到这一点，但在原始帖子中没有。
除非我误解了你的问题，否则我认为你不需要自己动手，TextInfo 类可以为你做。
using System.Globalization;
CultureInfo.InvariantCulture.TextInfo.ToTitleCase("GeOrGE bUrdEll")
将返回“George Burdell。如果涉及一些特殊规则，您可以使用自己的文化。
更新： 迈克尔（在对此答案的评论中）指出，如果输入全部大写，这将不起作用，因为该方法将假定它是首字母缩略词。天真的解决方法是在将文本提交到 ToTitleCase 之前对文本进行 .ToLower()。
@zwol：我会将其作为单独的回复发布。
void Main()
{
List<string> names = new List<string>() {
"bill o'reilly",
"johannes diderik van der waals",
"mr. moseley-williams",
"Joe VanWyck",
"mcdonald's",
"william the third",
"hrh prince charles",
"h.r.m. queen elizabeth the third",
"william gates, iii",
"pope leo xii",
"a.k. jennings"
};
names.Select(name => name.ToProperCase()).Dump();
}
// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/32149/does-anyone-have-a-good-proper-case-algorithm
public static class ProperCaseHelper
{
public static string ToProperCase(this string input)
{
if (IsAllUpperOrAllLower(input))
{
// fix the ALL UPPERCASE or all lowercase names
return string.Join(" ", input.Split(' ').Select(word => wordToProperCase(word)));
}
else
{
// leave the CamelCase or Propercase names alone
return input;
}
}
public static bool IsAllUpperOrAllLower(this string input)
{
return (input.ToLower().Equals(input) || input.ToUpper().Equals(input));
}
private static string wordToProperCase(string word)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(word)) return word;
// Standard case
string ret = capitaliseFirstLetter(word);
// Special cases:
ret = properSuffix(ret, "'"); // D'Artagnon, D'Silva
ret = properSuffix(ret, "."); // ???
ret = properSuffix(ret, "-"); // Oscar-Meyer-Weiner
ret = properSuffix(ret, "Mc", t => t.Length > 4); // Scots
ret = properSuffix(ret, "Mac", t => t.Length > 5); // Scots except Macey
// Special words:
ret = specialWords(ret, "van"); // Dick van Dyke
ret = specialWords(ret, "von"); // Baron von Bruin-Valt
ret = specialWords(ret, "de");
ret = specialWords(ret, "di");
ret = specialWords(ret, "da"); // Leonardo da Vinci, Eduardo da Silva
ret = specialWords(ret, "of"); // The Grand Old Duke of York
ret = specialWords(ret, "the"); // William the Conqueror
ret = specialWords(ret, "HRH"); // His/Her Royal Highness
ret = specialWords(ret, "HRM"); // His/Her Royal Majesty
ret = specialWords(ret, "H.R.H."); // His/Her Royal Highness
ret = specialWords(ret, "H.R.M."); // His/Her Royal Majesty
ret = dealWithRomanNumerals(ret); // William Gates, III
return ret;
}
private static string properSuffix(string word, string prefix, Func<string, bool> condition = null)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(word)) return word;
if (condition != null && ! condition(word)) return word;
string lowerWord = word.ToLower();
string lowerPrefix = prefix.ToLower();
if (!lowerWord.Contains(lowerPrefix)) return word;
int index = lowerWord.IndexOf(lowerPrefix);
// If the search string is at the end of the word ignore.
if (index + prefix.Length == word.Length) return word;
return word.Substring(0, index) + prefix +
capitaliseFirstLetter(word.Substring(index + prefix.Length));
}
private static string specialWords(string word, string specialWord)
{
if (word.Equals(specialWord, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))
{
return specialWord;
}
else
{
return word;
}
}
private static string dealWithRomanNumerals(string word)
{
// Roman Numeral parser thanks to [djk](https://stackoverflow.com/users/785111/djk)
// Note that it excludes the Chinese last name Xi
return new Regex(@"\b(?!Xi\b)(X|XX|XXX|XL|L|LX|LXX|LXXX|XC|C)?(I|II|III|IV|V|VI|VII|VIII|IX)?\b", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase).Replace(word, match => match.Value.ToUpperInvariant());
}
private static string capitaliseFirstLetter(string word)
{
return char.ToUpper(word[0]) + word.Substring(1).ToLower();
}
}
还有这个用于标题大小写文本的简洁 Perl 脚本。
http://daringfireball.net/2008/08/title_case_update
#!/usr/bin/perl # This filter changes all words to Title Caps, and attempts to be clever # about *un*capitalizing small words like a/an/the in the input. # # The list of "small words" which are not capped comes from # the New York Times Manual of Style, plus 'vs' and 'v'. # # 10 May 2008 # Original version by John Gruber: # http://daringfireball.net/2008/05/title_case # # 28 July 2008 # Re-written and much improved by Aristotle Pagaltzis: # http://plasmasturm.org/code/titlecase/ # # Full change log at __END__. # # License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php # use strict; use warnings; use utf8; use open qw( :encoding(UTF-8) :std ); my @small_words = qw( (?<!q&)a an and as at(?!&t) but by en for if in of on or the to v[.]? via vs[.]? ); my $small_re = join '|', @small_words; my $apos = qr/ (?: ['’] [[:lower:]]* )? /x; while ( <> ) { s{\A\s+}{}, s{\s+\z}{}; $_ = lc $_ if not /[[:lower:]]/; s{ \b (_*) (?: ( (?<=[ ][/\\]) [[:alpha:]]+ [-_[:alpha:]/\\]+ | # file path or [-_[:alpha:]]+ [@.:] [-_[:alpha:]@.:/]+ $apos ) # URL, domain, or email | ( (?i: $small_re ) $apos ) # or small word (case-insensitive) | ( [[:alpha:]] [[:lower:]'’()\[\]{}]* $apos ) # or word w/o internal caps | ( [[:alpha:]] [[:alpha:]'’()\[\]{}]* $apos ) # or some other word ) (_*) \b }{ $1 . ( defined $2 ? $2 # preserve URL, domain, or email : defined $3 ? "\L$3" # lowercase small word : defined $4 ? "\u\L$4" # capitalize word w/o internal caps : $5 # preserve other kinds of word ) . $6 }xeg; # Exceptions for small words: capitalize at start and end of title s{ ( \A [[:punct:]]* # start of title... | [:.;?!][ ]+ # or of subsentence... | [ ]['"“‘(\[][ ]* ) # or of inserted subphrase... ( $small_re ) \b # ... followed by small word }{$1\u\L$2}xig; s{ \b ( $small_re ) # small word... (?= [[:punct:]]* \Z # ... at the end of the title... | ['"’”)\]] [ ] ) # ... or of an inserted subphrase? }{\u\L$1}xig; # Exceptions for small words in hyphenated compound words ## e.g. "in-flight" -> In-Flight s{ \b (?<! -) # Negative lookbehind for a hyphen; we don't want to match man-in-the-middle but do want (in-flight) ( $small_re ) (?= -[[:alpha:]]+) # lookahead for "-someword" }{\u\L$1}xig; ## # e.g. "Stand-in" -> "Stand-In" (Stand is already capped at this point) s{ \b (?<!…) # Negative lookbehind for a hyphen; we don't want to match man-in-the-middle but do want (stand-in) ( [[:alpha:]]+- ) # $1 = first word and hyphen, should already be properly capped ( $small_re ) # ... followed by small word (?! - ) # Negative lookahead for another '-' }{$1\u$2}xig; print "$_"; } __END__
但这听起来像是您的意思是……仅适用于人名。
我做了一个基于 Lingua::EN::NameCase的快速 C# 端口https://github.com/tamtamchik/namecase 。
public static class CIQNameCase
{
static Dictionary<string, string> _exceptions = new Dictionary<string, string>
{
{@"\bMacEdo" ,"Macedo"},
{@"\bMacEvicius" ,"Macevicius"},
{@"\bMacHado" ,"Machado"},
{@"\bMacHar" ,"Machar"},
{@"\bMacHin" ,"Machin"},
{@"\bMacHlin" ,"Machlin"},
{@"\bMacIas" ,"Macias"},
{@"\bMacIulis" ,"Maciulis"},
{@"\bMacKie" ,"Mackie"},
{@"\bMacKle" ,"Mackle"},
{@"\bMacKlin" ,"Macklin"},
{@"\bMacKmin" ,"Mackmin"},
{@"\bMacQuarie" ,"Macquarie"}
};
static Dictionary<string, string> _replacements = new Dictionary<string, string>
{
{@"\bAl(?=\s+\w)" , @"al"}, // al Arabic or forename Al.
{@"\b(Bin|Binti|Binte)\b" , @"bin"}, // bin, binti, binte Arabic
{@"\bAp\b" , @"ap"}, // ap Welsh.
{@"\bBen(?=\s+\w)" , @"ben"}, // ben Hebrew or forename Ben.
{@"\bDell([ae])\b" , @"dell$1"}, // della and delle Italian.
{@"\bD([aeiou])\b" , @"d$1"}, // da, de, di Italian; du French; do Brasil
{@"\bD([ao]s)\b" , @"d$1"}, // das, dos Brasileiros
{@"\bDe([lrn])\b" , @"de$1"}, // del Italian; der/den Dutch/Flemish.
{@"\bEl\b" , @"el"}, // el Greek or El Spanish.
{@"\bLa\b" , @"la"}, // la French or La Spanish.
{@"\bL([eo])\b" , @"l$1"}, // lo Italian; le French.
{@"\bVan(?=\s+\w)" , @"van"}, // van German or forename Van.
{@"\bVon\b" , @"von"} // von Dutch/Flemish
};
static string[] _conjunctions = { "Y", "E", "I" };
static string _romanRegex = @"\b((?:[Xx]{1,3}|[Xx][Ll]|[Ll][Xx]{0,3})?(?:[Ii]{1,3}|[Ii][VvXx]|[Vv][Ii]{0,3})?)\b";
/// <summary>
/// Case a name field into its appropriate case format
/// e.g. Smith, de la Cruz, Mary-Jane, O'Brien, McTaggart
/// </summary>
/// <param name="nameString"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string NameCase(string nameString)
{
// Capitalize
nameString = Capitalize(nameString);
nameString = UpdateIrish(nameString);
// Fixes for "son (daughter) of" etc
foreach (var replacement in _replacements.Keys)
{
if (Regex.IsMatch(nameString, replacement))
{
Regex rgx = new Regex(replacement);
nameString = rgx.Replace(nameString, _replacements[replacement]);
}
}
nameString = UpdateRoman(nameString);
nameString = FixConjunction(nameString);
return nameString;
}
/// <summary>
/// Capitalize first letters.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="nameString"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string Capitalize(string nameString)
{
nameString = nameString.ToLower();
nameString = Regex.Replace(nameString, @"\b\w", x => x.ToString().ToUpper());
nameString = Regex.Replace(nameString, @"'\w\b", x => x.ToString().ToLower()); // Lowercase 's
return nameString;
}
/// <summary>
/// Update for Irish names.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="nameString"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string UpdateIrish(string nameString)
{
if(Regex.IsMatch(nameString, @".*?\bMac[A-Za-z^aciozj]{2,}\b") || Regex.IsMatch(nameString, @".*?\bMc"))
{
nameString = UpdateMac(nameString);
}
return nameString;
}
/// <summary>
/// Updates irish Mac & Mc.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="nameString"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string UpdateMac(string nameString)
{
MatchCollection matches = Regex.Matches(nameString, @"\b(Ma?c)([A-Za-z]+)");
if(matches.Count == 1 && matches[0].Groups.Count == 3)
{
string replacement = matches[0].Groups[1].Value;
replacement += matches[0].Groups[2].Value.Substring(0, 1).ToUpper();
replacement += matches[0].Groups[2].Value.Substring(1);
nameString = nameString.Replace(matches[0].Groups[0].Value, replacement);
// Now fix "Mac" exceptions
foreach (var exception in _exceptions.Keys)
{
nameString = Regex.Replace(nameString, exception, _exceptions[exception]);
}
}
return nameString;
}
/// <summary>
/// Fix roman numeral names.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="nameString"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string UpdateRoman(string nameString)
{
MatchCollection matches = Regex.Matches(nameString, _romanRegex);
if (matches.Count > 1)
{
foreach(Match match in matches)
{
if(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(match.Value))
{
nameString = Regex.Replace(nameString, match.Value, x => x.ToString().ToUpper());
}
}
}
return nameString;
}
/// <summary>
/// Fix Spanish conjunctions.
/// </summary>
/// <param name=""></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string FixConjunction(string nameString)
{
foreach (var conjunction in _conjunctions)
{
nameString = Regex.Replace(nameString, @"\b" + conjunction + @"\b", x => x.ToString().ToLower());
}
return nameString;
}
}
用法
string name_cased = CIQNameCase.NameCase("McCarthy");
这是我的测试方法，一切似乎都通过了：
[TestMethod]
public void Test_NameCase_1()
{
string[] names = {
"Keith", "Yuri's", "Leigh-Williams", "McCarthy",
// Mac exceptions
"Machin", "Machlin", "Machar",
"Mackle", "Macklin", "Mackie",
"Macquarie", "Machado", "Macevicius",
"Maciulis", "Macias", "MacMurdo",
// General
"O'Callaghan", "St. John", "von Streit",
"van Dyke", "Van", "ap Llwyd Dafydd",
"al Fahd", "Al",
"el Grecco",
"ben Gurion", "Ben",
"da Vinci",
"di Caprio", "du Pont", "de Legate",
"del Crond", "der Sind", "van der Post", "van den Thillart",
"von Trapp", "la Poisson", "le Figaro",
"Mack Knife", "Dougal MacDonald",
"Ruiz y Picasso", "Dato e Iradier", "Mas i Gavarró",
// Roman numerals
"Henry VIII", "Louis III", "Louis XIV",
"Charles II", "Fred XLIX", "Yusof bin Ishak",
};
foreach(string name in names)
{
string name_upper = name.ToUpper();
string name_cased = CIQNameCase.NameCase(name_upper);
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("name: {0} -> {1} -> {2}", name, name_upper, name_cased));
Assert.IsTrue(name == name_cased);
}
}
我今天写这个是为了在我正在开发的应用程序中实现。我认为这段代码很容易用注释来解释。它并非在所有情况下都 100% 准确，但它可以轻松处理您的大多数西方名字。
例子：
mary-jane => Mary-Jane
o'brien => O'Brien
Joël VON WINTEREGG => Joël von Winteregg
jose de la acosta => Jose de la Acosta
该代码是可扩展的，因为您可以将任何字符串值添加到顶部的数组中以满足您的需要。请研究它并添加任何可能需要的特殊功能。
function name_title_case($str)
{
// name parts that should be lowercase in most cases
$ok_to_be_lower = array('av','af','da','dal','de','del','der','di','la','le','van','der','den','vel','von');
// name parts that should be lower even if at the beginning of a name
$always_lower = array('van', 'der');
// Create an array from the parts of the string passed in
$parts = explode(" ", mb_strtolower($str));
foreach ($parts as $part)
{
(in_array($part, $ok_to_be_lower)) ? $rules[$part] = 'nocaps' : $rules[$part] = 'caps';
}
// Determine the first part in the string
reset($rules);
$first_part = key($rules);
// Loop through and cap-or-dont-cap
foreach ($rules as $part => $rule)
{
if ($rule == 'caps')
{
// ucfirst() words and also takes into account apostrophes and hyphens like this:
// O'brien -> O'Brien || mary-kaye -> Mary-Kaye
$part = str_replace('- ','-',ucwords(str_replace('-','- ', $part)));
$c13n[] = str_replace('\' ', '\'', ucwords(str_replace('\'', '\' ', $part)));
}
else if ($part == $first_part && !in_array($part, $always_lower))
{
// If the first part of the string is ok_to_be_lower, cap it anyway
$c13n[] = ucfirst($part);
}
else
{
$c13n[] = $part;
}
}
$titleized = implode(' ', $c13n);
return trim($titleized);
}
你使用什么编程语言？许多语言允许正则表达式匹配的回调函数。这些可以用来轻松地正确匹配匹配。使用的正则表达式非常简单，您只需匹配所有单词字符，如下所示：
/\w+/
或者，您已经可以提取第一个字符作为额外匹配：
/(\w)(\w*)/
现在您可以分别访问匹配中的第一个字符和后续字符。然后，回调函数可以简单地返回命中的串联。在伪 Python 中（我实际上并不了解 Python）：
def make_proper(match):
return match[1].to_upper + match[2]
顺便说一句，这也将处理“O'Reilly”的情况，因为“O”和“Reilly”将分别匹配并且都正确大小写。然而，算法不能很好地处理其他特殊情况，例如“McDonald's”或通常任何撇号的词。该算法将为后者生成“麦当劳”。可以对撇号进行特殊处理，但这会干扰第一种情况。不可能找到一个完美的解决方案。在实践中，考虑撇号后部分的长度可能会有所帮助。
这是一个可能很幼稚的 C# 实现：-
public class ProperCaseHelper {
public string ToProperCase(string input) {
string ret = string.Empty;
var words = input.Split(' ');
for (int i = 0; i < words.Length; ++i) {
ret += wordToProperCase(words[i]);
if (i < words.Length - 1) ret += " ";
}
return ret;
}
private string wordToProperCase(string word) {
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(word)) return word;
// Standard case
string ret = capitaliseFirstLetter(word);
// Special cases:
ret = properSuffix(ret, "'");
ret = properSuffix(ret, ".");
ret = properSuffix(ret, "Mc");
ret = properSuffix(ret, "Mac");
return ret;
}
private string properSuffix(string word, string prefix) {
if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(word)) return word;
string lowerWord = word.ToLower(), lowerPrefix = prefix.ToLower();
if (!lowerWord.Contains(lowerPrefix)) return word;
int index = lowerWord.IndexOf(lowerPrefix);
// If the search string is at the end of the word ignore.
if (index + prefix.Length == word.Length) return word;
return word.Substring(0, index) + prefix +
capitaliseFirstLetter(word.Substring(index + prefix.Length));
}
private string capitaliseFirstLetter(string word) {
return char.ToUpper(word[0]) + word.Substring(1).ToLower();
}
}
将每个单词的第一个字母大写的简单方法（用空格分隔）
$words = explode(” “, $string);
for ($i=0; $i<count($words); $i++) {
$s = strtolower($words[$i]);
$s = substr_replace($s, strtoupper(substr($s, 0, 1)), 0, 1);
$result .= “$s “;
}
$string = trim($result);
就捕捉“O'REILLY”示例而言，您给出了在两个空格上拆分字符串并且 ' 不起作用，因为它会将撇号后出现的任何字母大写，即 Fred 中的 s
所以我可能会尝试类似
$words = explode(” “, $string);
for ($i=0; $i<count($words); $i++) {
$s = strtolower($words[$i]);
if (substr($s, 0, 2) === "o'"){
$s = substr_replace($s, strtoupper(substr($s, 0, 3)), 0, 3);
}else{
$s = substr_replace($s, strtoupper(substr($s, 0, 1)), 0, 1);
}
$result .= “$s “;
}
$string = trim($result);
这应该抓住 O'Reilly、O'Clock、O'Donnell 等希望它有所帮助
请注意，此代码未经测试。
克罗诺兹，谢谢。我在您的函数中发现该行：
`if (!lowerWord.Contains(lowerPrefix)) return word`;
必须说
if (!lowerWord.StartsWith(lowerPrefix)) return word;
所以“información”不会更改为“InforMacIón”
最好的，
恩里克
我使用它作为文本框的 textchanged 事件处理程序。支持“麦当劳”入驻
Public Shared Function DoProperCaseConvert(ByVal str As String, Optional ByVal allowCapital As Boolean = True) As String
Dim strCon As String = ""
Dim wordbreak As String = " ,.1234567890;/\-()#$%^&*€!~+=@"
Dim nextShouldBeCapital As Boolean = True
'Improve to recognize all caps input
'If str.Equals(str.ToUpper) Then
' str = str.ToLower
'End If
For Each s As Char In str.ToCharArray
If allowCapital Then
strCon = strCon & If(nextShouldBeCapital, s.ToString.ToUpper, s)
Else
strCon = strCon & If(nextShouldBeCapital, s.ToString.ToUpper, s.ToLower)
End If
If wordbreak.Contains(s.ToString) Then
nextShouldBeCapital = True
Else
nextShouldBeCapital = False
End If
Next
Return strCon
End Function
这里有很多很好的答案。我的很简单，只考虑我们在组织中的名称。您可以根据需要扩展它。这不是一个完美的解决方案，并且会将 vancouver 更改为 VanCouver，这是错误的。因此，如果您使用它，请对其进行调整。
这是我在 C# 中的解决方案。这会将名称硬编码到程序中，但只需做一些工作，您就可以在程序外部保留一个文本文件并读取名称异常（即 Van、Mc、Mac）并循环遍历它们。
public static String toProperName(String name)
{
if (name != null)
{
if (name.Length >= 2 && name.ToLower().Substring(0, 2) == "mc") // Changes mcdonald to "McDonald"
return "Mc" + Regex.Replace(name.ToLower().Substring(2), @"\b[a-z]", m => m.Value.ToUpper());
if (name.Length >= 3 && name.ToLower().Substring(0, 3) == "van") // Changes vanwinkle to "VanWinkle"
return "Van" + Regex.Replace(name.ToLower().Substring(3), @"\b[a-z]", m => m.Value.ToUpper());
return Regex.Replace(name.ToLower(), @"\b[a-z]", m => m.Value.ToUpper()); // Changes to title case but also fixes
// appostrophes like O'HARE or o'hare to O'Hare
}
return "";
}
我知道这个帖子已经开放了一段时间，但是当我在研究这个问题时，我遇到了这个漂亮的网站，它允许你快速粘贴名字以大写：https ://dialect.ca/code/name -案例/。我想把它包括在这里，以供其他做类似研究/项目的人参考。
他们在此链接上发布了他们用 php 编写的算法：https ://dialect.ca/code/name-case/name_case.phps
初步测试和阅读他们的代码表明他们已经非常彻底。
你没有提到你想要解决方案的语言，所以这里有一些伪代码。
Loop through each character
If the previous character was an alphabet letter
Make the character lower case
Otherwise
Make the character upper case
End loop