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我想在 Windows 中找到每个正在运行的进程的路径。我尝试使用 psutil 模块，但它没有显示所有路径。由于错误，它找不到许多进程的路径：“psutil.AccessDenied”

c = wmi.WMI()
for process in c.Win32_Process():
        p = psutil.Process(int(process.ProcessId))
        try:
            path = p.exe()
        except:
            path = "-"

有没有另一种方法来获得进程的路径？

4

1 回答 1

6

PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION作为管理员，如果您无法获得PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION(0x400)，则您可能能够获得(0x1000) 对给定进程的访问权限。QueryFullProcessImageNameW只需要有限的访问权限。然而，即使这样也不是在所有情况下都有效。例如，csrss.exe 上的安全描述符仅授予对 SYSTEM 帐户的访问权限，而不授予对管理员的访问权限。另一个示例是 services.exe，它在System(S-1-16-16384) 完整性级别运行，而管理员令牌仅在High(S-1-16-12288) 完整性级别运行。

您通常无法打开此类进程的句柄。但作为管理员，你几乎是无所不能的SeDebugPrivilege。如果您启用此权限，WindowsAccessCheck将突然成为您最好的朋友（但即使是最好的朋友也有其限制）。

下面是一些 ctypes 代码，用于启用和禁用当前进程访问令牌中的特权。权限必须首先存在于令牌中，因此请务必使用管理员帐户运行此权限，如果使用 UAC，请确保以提升的管理员身份运行。

from ctypes import *
from ctypes.wintypes import *

kernel32 = WinDLL('kernel32', use_last_error=True)
advapi32 = WinDLL('advapi32', use_last_error=True)

SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED = 0x00000002
TOKEN_ALL_ACCESS = 0x000F0000 | 0x01FF

class LUID(Structure):
    _fields_ = (('LowPart',  DWORD),
                ('HighPart', LONG))

class LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES(Structure):
    _fields_ = (('Luid',       LUID),
                ('Attributes', DWORD))

class TOKEN_PRIVILEGES(Structure):
    _fields_ = (('PrivilegeCount', DWORD),
                ('Privileges', LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES * 1))
    def __init__(self, PrivilegeCount=1, *args):
        super(TOKEN_PRIVILEGES, self).__init__(PrivilegeCount, *args)

PDWORD = POINTER(DWORD)
PHANDLE = POINTER(HANDLE)
PLUID = POINTER(LUID)
PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES = POINTER(TOKEN_PRIVILEGES)

def errcheck_bool(result, func, args):
    if not result:
        raise WinError(get_last_error())
    return args

kernel32.CloseHandle.argtypes = (HANDLE,)

kernel32.GetCurrentProcess.errcheck = errcheck_bool
kernel32.GetCurrentProcess.restype = HANDLE

# https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa379295
advapi32.OpenProcessToken.errcheck = errcheck_bool
advapi32.OpenProcessToken.argtypes = (
    HANDLE,  # _In_  ProcessHandle
    DWORD,   # _In_  DesiredAccess
    PHANDLE) # _Out_ TokenHandle

# https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa379180
advapi32.LookupPrivilegeValueW.errcheck = errcheck_bool
advapi32.LookupPrivilegeValueW.argtypes = (
    LPCWSTR, # _In_opt_ lpSystemName
    LPCWSTR, # _In_     lpName
    PLUID)   # _Out_    lpLuid

# https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa375202
advapi32.AdjustTokenPrivileges.errcheck = errcheck_bool
advapi32.AdjustTokenPrivileges.argtypes = (
    HANDLE,            # _In_      TokenHandle
    BOOL,              # _In_      DisableAllPrivileges
    PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES, # _In_opt_  NewState
    DWORD,             # _In_      BufferLength
    PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES, # _Out_opt_ PreviousState
    PDWORD)            # _Out_opt_ ReturnLength

def enable_privilege(privilege):
    hToken = HANDLE()
    luid = LUID()
    advapi32.LookupPrivilegeValueW(None, privilege, byref(luid))
    try:
        advapi32.OpenProcessToken(kernel32.GetCurrentProcess(),
                                  TOKEN_ALL_ACCESS,
                                  byref(hToken))
        tp = TOKEN_PRIVILEGES()
        tp.Privileges[0].Luid = luid
        tp.Privileges[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED
        advapi32.AdjustTokenPrivileges(hToken, False,
                                       byref(tp),
                                       sizeof(tp),
                                       None, None)
    finally:
        if hToken:
            kernel32.CloseHandle(hToken)

def disable_privilege(privilege):
    hToken = HANDLE()
    luid = LUID()
    advapi32.LookupPrivilegeValueW(None, privilege, byref(luid))
    try:
        advapi32.OpenProcessToken(kernel32.GetCurrentProcess(),
                                  TOKEN_ALL_ACCESS,
                                  byref(hToken))
        tp = TOKEN_PRIVILEGES()
        tp.Privileges[0].Luid = luid
        tp.Privileges[0].Attributes = 0
        advapi32.AdjustTokenPrivileges(hToken, False,
                                       byref(tp),
                                       sizeof(tp),
                                       None, None)
    finally:
        if hToken:
            kernel32.CloseHandle(hToken)

测试：

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import psutil
    system_process_names = {'smss.exe',
                            'csrss.exe',
                            'wininit.exe',
                            'winlogon.exe',
                            'services.exe',
                            'lsass.exe',
                            'lsm.exe'}
    system_processes = []

    print('SeDebugPrivilege Enabled')
    enable_privilege('SeDebugPrivilege')    
    for proc in psutil.process_iter():
        try:
            name = proc.name().lower()
            path = proc.exe()
        except psutil.AccessDenied:
            print('{:04d} ACCESS_DENIED'.format(proc.pid))
            continue
        if name in system_process_names:
            system_process_names.remove(name)
            system_processes.append(proc)
            print('{:04d} {}'.format(proc.pid, path))
    assert not system_process_names

    print('\nSeDebugPrivilege Disabled')
    disable_privilege('SeDebugPrivilege')
    for proc in system_processes:
        try:
            path = psutil.Process(proc.pid).exe() # avoid cache
        except psutil.AccessDenied:
            path = 'ACCESS DENIED'
        print('{:04d} {}'.format(proc.pid, path))

输出

SeDebugPrivilege Enabled
0000 ACCESS_DENIED
0004 ACCESS_DENIED
0256 C:\Windows\System32\smss.exe
0404 C:\Windows\System32\csrss.exe
0492 C:\Windows\System32\wininit.exe
0540 C:\Windows\System32\winlogon.exe
0588 C:\Windows\System32\services.exe
0596 C:\Windows\System32\lsass.exe
0604 C:\Windows\System32\lsm.exe
4704 ACCESS_DENIED

SeDebugPrivilege Disabled
0256 ACCESS DENIED
0404 ACCESS DENIED
0492 ACCESS DENIED
0540 ACCESS DENIED
0588 ACCESS DENIED
0596 ACCESS DENIED
0604 ACCESS DENIED

拒绝访问空闲 (0) 和系统 (4) 进程是可以理解的。然而，有趣的是，对 PID 4704 的访问被拒绝，即使是调试器也是如此。这是 audiodg.exe，它是一个受保护的进程，如可从Windows 硬件开发中心存档下载的“受保护的进程”白皮书中所述。受保护的进程允许查询有限的信息，例如图像路径。让我们快速验证是否是这种情况：

>>> kernel32.OpenProcess(0x1000, 0, 4704)
304
>>> path = (c_wchar * 260)()
>>> size = c_uint(260)
>>> kernel32.QueryFullProcessImageNameW(304, 0, path, byref(size))
1
>>> path.value
'C:\\Windows\\System32\\audiodg.exe'
于 2015-06-19T04:55:21.130 回答