典型用法:
use POSIX ':sys_wait_h'; # for &WNOHANG
# how to create a new background process
$pid = fork();
if (!defined $pid) { die "fork() failed!" }
if ($pid == 0) { # child
# ... do stuff in background ...
exit 0; # don't forget to exit or die from the child process
}
# else this is the parent, $pid contains process id of child process
# ... do stuff in foreground ...
# how to tell if a process is finished
# also see perldoc perlipc
$pid = waitpid -1, 0; # blocking wait for any process
$pid = wait; # blocking wait for any process
$pid = waitpid $mypid, 0; # blocking wait for process $mypid
# after blocking wait/waitpid
if ($pid == -1) {
print "All child processes are finished.\n";
} else {
print "Process $pid is finished.\n";
print "The exit status of process $pid was $?\n";
}
$pid = waitpid -1, &WNOHANG; # non-blocking wait for any process
$pid = waitpid $mypid, 0; # blocking wait for process $mypid
if ($pid == -1) {
print "No child processes have finished since last wait/waitpid call.\n";
} else {
print "Process $pid is finished.\n";
print "The exit status of process $pid was $?\n";
}
# terminating a process - see perldoc -f kill or perldoc perlipc
# this can be flaky on Windows
kill 'INT', $pid; # send SIGINT to process $pid
perldoc -f fork
, waitpid
, wait
,kill
和中的血腥细节perlipc
。perlipc
关于为事件设置处理程序的内容SIGCHLD
应该特别有用,尽管 Windows 不支持。
跨分支进程的 I/O 在 Unix 和 Windows 上通常是安全的。文件描述符是共享的,所以对于这样的事情
open X, ">", $file;
if (fork() == 0) { # in child
print X "Child\n";
close X;
exit 0;
}
# in parent
sleep 1;
print X "Parent\n";
close X;
子进程和父进程都将成功写入同一个文件(但请注意输出缓冲)。