stdcall 不仅仅是一个调用约定;除了作为调用约定之外,它还允许 C 和 C++ 对象之间的同构。这是一个例子:
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS // disable marking use of strcpy as error.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
class ICdeclGreeter {
public:
virtual ~ICdeclGreeter(){}
virtual void setGreeting(const char *greeting) = 0;
virtual void greet() = 0;
};
class IStdcallGreeter {
public:
virtual __stdcall ~IStdcallGreeter(){}
virtual void __stdcall setGreeting(const char *greeting) = 0;
virtual void __stdcall greet() = 0;
};
class CdeclGreeter : public ICdeclGreeter {
public:
char *greeting;
~CdeclGreeter() {
if (greeting != nullptr) {
free(greeting);
puts("[CdeclGreeter] destroyed");
}
}
void setGreeting(const char *greeting) {
this->greeting = (char *)malloc(strlen(greeting) + 1);
strcpy(this->greeting, greeting);
}
void greet() {
puts(greeting);
}
};
class StdcallGreeter : public IStdcallGreeter {
public:
char *greeting;
__stdcall ~StdcallGreeter() {
if (greeting != nullptr) {
free(greeting);
puts("[StdcallGreeter] destroyed");
}
}
void __stdcall setGreeting(const char *greeting) {
this->greeting = (char *)malloc(strlen(greeting) + 1);
strcpy(this->greeting, greeting);
}
void __stdcall greet() {
puts(greeting);
}
};
typedef struct pureC_StdcallGreeter pureC_StdcallGreeter;
typedef struct pureC_StdcallGreeterVtbl {
void (__stdcall *dtor)(pureC_StdcallGreeter *This);
void (__stdcall *setGreeting)(pureC_StdcallGreeter *This, const char *greeting);
void (__stdcall *greet)(pureC_StdcallGreeter *This);
} pureC_IStdcallGreeterVtbl;
struct pureC_StdcallGreeter {
pureC_IStdcallGreeterVtbl *lpVtbl;
char *greeting;
int length;
};
/* naive attempt at porting a c++ class to C;
on x86, thiscall passes This via ecx register rather than
first argument; this register cannot be accessed in C without
inline assembly or calling a reinterpretation of byte array
as a function. there is no "This" argument in any of below. */
typedef struct pureC_CdeclGreeter pureC_CdeclGreeter;
typedef struct pureC_CdeclGreeterVtbl {
void (*dtor)(pureC_CdeclGreeter *This);
void (*setGreeting)(pureC_CdeclGreeter *This, const char *greeting);
void (*greet)(pureC_CdeclGreeter *This);
} pureC_CdeclGreeterVtbl;
struct pureC_CdeclGreeter {
pureC_CdeclGreeterVtbl *lpVtbl;
char *greeting;
int length;
};
void test() {
ICdeclGreeter *g = new CdeclGreeter;
g->setGreeting("hi");
g->greet();
IStdcallGreeter *g2 = new StdcallGreeter;
g2->setGreeting("hi");
g2->greet();
// we can pass pointers to our object to pure C using this interface,
// and it can still use it without doing anything to it.
pureC_StdcallGreeter *g3 = (pureC_StdcallGreeter *)g2;
g3->lpVtbl->setGreeting(g3, "hello, world!");
g3->lpVtbl->greet(g3);
g3->lpVtbl->dtor(g3);
free(g2);
/*
// cdecl passes this via ecx in x86, and not as the first argument;
// this means that this argument cannot be accessed in C without
// inline assembly or equivelent. Trying to run code below will cause a runtime error.
pureC_CdeclGreeter *g4 = (pureC_CdeclGreeter *)g;
g4->lpVtbl->setGreeting(g4, "hello, world!");
g4->lpVtbl->greet(g4);
g4->lpVtbl->dtor(g4);
free(g);
*/
delete g;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
test();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
TLDR;这与 cdecl 使 C++ 类在使用此约定的平台上无法从 C 中使用不同,因为为了将“This”发送到方法,您必须将 ecx 寄存器设置为“This”的地址,而不是仅仅推送它,同样如果如果您想在 C 中实现一个 C++ 可以识别的类,该方法将需要从 ecx 寄存器中获取 This 指针,如果没有内联汇编或等效,C 无法访问该指针。
stdcall 有一个很好的特性,即使用 stdcall 的类可以很容易地同时从 C 或 C++ 中使用,而无需对它们做任何事情。
所以#define __stdcall
只要不处理 __thiscall; 就可以了。尽管可能还有其他一些细微的区别。