部署在我的机器上时，相同的战争文件可以正常工作。但是，在远程服务器上的 ubuntu 14. 和 jdk 1.8 上，当我使用 maven 将其部署到 tomcat 时，我不断收到异常。我检查了远程服务器上列出的 jdk：
root@li1242-163:~# sudo update-alternatives --config java
There are 2 choices for the alternative java (providing /usr/bin/java).
Selection Path Priority Status
------------------------------------------------------------
0 /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/bin/java 1072 auto mode
1 /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java 1071 manual mode
* 2 /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/bin/java 1072 manual mode
这是远程服务器上的 java 版本：
root@li1242-163:~# java -version
java version "1.8.0_45"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_45-b14)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.45-b02, mixed mode)
May 26, 2015 12:10:27 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve invoke
SEVERE: Allocate exception for servlet crudservlet
java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: crudapproot/EntityResource : Unsupported major.minor version 52.0 (unable to load class crudapproot.EntityResource)
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.findClassInternal(WebappClassLoader.java:2948)
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.findClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1208)
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1688)
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1569)
at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:274)
at org.glassfish.jersey.internal.util.ReflectionHelper$7.run(ReflectionHelper.java:402)
at org.glassfish.jersey.internal.util.ReflectionHelper$7.run(ReflectionHelper.java:397)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at org.glassfish.jersey.server.internal.scanning.AnnotationAcceptingListener$AnnotatedClassVisitor.getClassForName(AnnotationAcceptingListener.java:262)
at org.glassfish.jersey.server.internal.scanning.AnnotationAcceptingListener$AnnotatedClassVisitor.visitEnd(AnnotationAcceptingListener.java:224)
at jersey.repackaged.org.objectweb.asm.ClassReader.accept(ClassReader.java:697)
at jersey.repackaged.org.objectweb.asm.ClassReader.accept(ClassReader.java:506)
at org.glassfish.jersey.server.internal.scanning.AnnotationAcceptingListener.process(AnnotationAcceptingListener.java:170)
at org.glassfish.jersey.server.ResourceConfig.scanClasses(ResourceConfig.java:899)
at org.glassfish.jersey.server.ResourceConfig._getClasses(ResourceConfig.java:856)
at org.glassfish.jersey.server.ResourceConfig.getClasses(ResourceConfig.java:762)
at org.glassfish.jersey.server.ResourceConfig$RuntimeConfig.<init>(ResourceConfig.java:1190)
at org.glassfish.jersey.server.ResourceConfig$RuntimeConfig.<init>(ResourceConfig.java:1162)
at org.glassfish.jersey.server.ResourceConfig.createRuntimeConfig(ResourceConfig.java:1158)
at org.glassfish.jersey.server.ApplicationHandler.<init>(ApplicationHandler.java:322)
at org.glassfish.jersey.servlet.WebComponent.<init>(WebComponent.java:338)
at org.glassfish.jersey.servlet.ServletContainer.init(ServletContainer.java:171)
at org.glassfish.jersey.servlet.ServletContainer.init(ServletContainer.java:363)
at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1279)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1192)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.allocate(StandardWrapper.java:864)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:134)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122)
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:501)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:170)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:98)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:950)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:408)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1040)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:607)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:313)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
我正在使用 maven 将 web 应用程序部署到远程服务器，pom 文件配置如下：
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>OrbithubWeb</groupId>
<artifactId>OrbithubWeb</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<!-- customize the catalina_home for remote deployment
for tomcat7, the remotedeployserverurl is http://localhost:8080/manager/text
and for tomcat6 http://localhost:8080/manager/html
-->
<properties>
<java-version>1.7</java-version>
<org.springframework-version>4.0.3.RELEASE</org.springframework-version>
<warfilename>${project.groupId}</warfilename>
<!-- change the url to : http://45.79.143.163:8080/manager/text -->
<remotedeployserverurl>http://localhost:8080/manager/text</remotedeployserverurl>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring framework just added ends here -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.json</groupId>
<artifactId>json</artifactId>
<version>20140107</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jersey dependencies ends -->
<dependency>
<groupId>asm</groupId>
<artifactId>asm</artifactId>
<version>3.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jersey dependency ends -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- used for httpclient library -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.35</version>
</dependency>
<!-- adding for log4j dependency for logging -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Added 25 May: added the dependecy for Jax-RS 2.0 jersey core Servlet 3.x implementation -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.containers</groupId>
<artifactId>jersey-container-servlet</artifactId>
<version>2.17</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Added 25 May: for jersey-client implementation -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jersey-client</artifactId>
<version>2.17</version>
</dependency>
<!-- dependency resolved for jax-rs -->
<!-- Uses this dependency to read from build.properties file. The artifact id # properties-maven-plugin -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>properties-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.0-alpha-2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<sourceDirectory>src</sourceDirectory>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
<configuration>
<warSourceDirectory>WebContent</warSourceDirectory>
<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
<!-- changes the default location of war deployment -->
<!-- commented it since we are directly deploying war to the ${catalina_home}/webapps -->
<!-- <warName>${warfilename}</warName> -->
<!-- <outputDirectory>${catalina_home}/webapps</outputDirectory> -->
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- added to deploy maven build to remote tomcat, update = true :: redeploy's the war files on update -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<configuration>
<url>${remotedeployserverurl}</url>
<server>tomcat7</server>
<path>/${project.groupId}</path>
<!-- configuring the tomcat7 to update itself while deploying -->
<update>true</update>
<!-- added this on 25 April -->
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>properties-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.0-alpha-2</version>
<executions>
<!-- Associate the read-project-properties goal with the initialize phase, to read the properties file. -->
<execution>
<phase>initialize</phase>
<goals>
<goal>read-project-properties</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<files>
<!-- taking the build.properties from the relative location of the pom file -->
<file>build.properties</file>
</files>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
在 tomcat 上部署 war 文件的快照是：
root@li1242-163:~/OrbitHub-Java-Rest-API# mvn clean tomcat7:deploy
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building OrbithubWeb 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ OrbithubWeb ---
[INFO] Deleting /root/OrbitHub-Java-Rest-API/target
[INFO]
[INFO] >>> tomcat7-maven-plugin:2.2:deploy (default-cli) @ OrbithubWeb >>>
[INFO]
[INFO] --- properties-maven-plugin:1.0-alpha-2:read-project-properties (default) @ OrbithubWeb ---
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.3:resources (default-resources) @ OrbithubWeb ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 2 resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ OrbithubWeb ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 19 source files to /root/OrbitHub-Java-Rest-API/target/classes
[WARNING] /root/OrbitHub-Java-Rest-API/src/test/TestCallToWebapp.java: /root/OrbitHub-Java-Rest-API/src/test/TestCallToWebapp.java uses or overrides a deprecated API.
[WARNING] /root/OrbitHub-Java-Rest-API/src/test/TestCallToWebapp.java: Recompile with -Xlint:deprecation for details.
[WARNING] /root/OrbitHub-Java-Rest-API/src/asyncrequesthandlr/ControllableExecutors.java: /root/OrbitHub-Java-Rest-API/src/asyncrequesthandlr/ControllableExecutors.java uses unchecked or unsafe operations.
[WARNING] /root/OrbitHub-Java-Rest-API/src/asyncrequesthandlr/ControllableExecutors.java: Recompile with -Xlint:unchecked for details.
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.3:testResources (default-testResources) @ OrbithubWeb ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /root/OrbitHub-Java-Rest-API/src/test/resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ OrbithubWeb ---
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.10:test (default-test) @ OrbithubWeb ---
[INFO] No tests to run.
[INFO] Surefire report directory: /root/OrbitHub-Java-Rest-API/target/surefire-reports
-------------------------------------------------------
T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Results :
Tests run: 0, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-war-plugin:2.4:war (default-war) @ OrbithubWeb ---
[INFO] Packaging webapp
[INFO] Assembling webapp [OrbithubWeb] in [/root/OrbitHub-Java-Rest-API/target/OrbithubWeb-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT]
[INFO] Processing war project
[INFO] Copying webapp resources [/root/OrbitHub-Java-Rest-API/WebContent]
[INFO] Webapp assembled in [202 msecs]
[INFO] Building war: /root/OrbitHub-Java-Rest-API/target/OrbithubWeb-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.war
[INFO]
[INFO] <<< tomcat7-maven-plugin:2.2:deploy (default-cli) @ OrbithubWeb <<<
[INFO]
[INFO] --- tomcat7-maven-plugin:2.2:deploy (default-cli) @ OrbithubWeb ---
[INFO] Deploying war to http://45.79.143.163:8080/OrbithubWeb
SLF4J: Failed to load class "org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder".
SLF4J: Defaulting to no-operation (NOP) logger implementation
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#StaticLoggerBinder for further details.
Uploading: http://45.79.143.163:8080/manager/text/deploy?path=%2FOrbithubWeb&update=true
Uploaded: http://45.79.143.163:8080/manager/text/deploy?path=%2FOrbithubWeb&update=true (12330 KB at 20279.0 KB/sec)
[INFO] tomcatManager status code:200, ReasonPhrase:OK
[INFO] OK - Deployed application at context path /OrbithubWeb
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 10.924s
[INFO] Finished at: Tue May 26 00:00:28 UTC 2015
[INFO] Final Memory: 22M/54M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------