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我正在尝试编写一个通过搜索标题来查找窗口的程序。一旦它找到了窗口,它就会尝试把它带到前面。我正在使用win32guiAPI 来实现这一点。我能够让它在大多数情况下工作,但由于某种原因,如果任务管理器在前面,它就不起作用。我有以下示例代码。

import win32gui, win32con
import re, traceback
from time import sleep

class cWindow:
    def __init__(self):
        self._hwnd = None

    def BringToTop(self):
        win32gui.BringWindowToTop(self._hwnd)

    def SetAsForegroundWindow(self):
        win32gui.SetForegroundWindow(self._hwnd)

    def Maximize(self):
        win32gui.ShowWindow(self._hwnd, win32con.SW_MAXIMIZE)

    def setActWin(self):
        win32gui.SetActiveWindow(self._hwnd)

    def _window_enum_callback(self, hwnd, wildcard):
        '''Pass to win32gui.EnumWindows() to check all the opened windows'''
        if re.match(wildcard, str(win32gui.GetWindowText(hwnd))) != None:
            self._hwnd = hwnd

    def find_window_wildcard(self, wildcard):
        self._hwnd = None
        win32gui.EnumWindows(self._window_enum_callback, wildcard)


def main():
    sleep(5)
    try:      
        wildcard = ".*Building Operation WorkStation.*"
        cW = cWindow()
        cW.find_window_wildcard(wildcard)
        cW.Maximize()
        cW.BringToTop()
        cW.SetAsForegroundWindow()

    except:
        f = open("log.txt", "w")
        f.write(traceback.format_exc())
        print traceback.format_exc()
main()

我从多个在线资源拼凑而成。它似乎在大多数情况下都可以工作,但是对于任务管理器之类的某些窗口,它有时会起作用,但其余部分会失败。当它不能正常工作时,我只注意到应用程序图标呈黄色闪烁。是否有适当的方法来确保我感兴趣的窗口 100% 设置为前景?我不确定这是否相关,但我使用的是带有 Service Pack 1 的 Windows 7 Professional(32 位)。

4

2 回答 2

9

我找到了一个解决方案:如果是taskmanager,则将其杀死。我添加了一个方法cWindow

def kill_task_manager(self):
    # Here I use your method to find a window because of an accent in my french OS,
    # but you should use win32gui.FindWindow(None, 'Task Manager complete name').
    wildcard = 'Gestionnaire des t.+ches de Windows'
    self.find_window_wildcard(wildcard)
    if self._hwnd:
        win32gui.PostMessage(self._hwnd, win32con.WM_CLOSE, 0, 0)  # kill it
        sleep(0.5)  # important to let time for the window to be closed

之后调用此方法cW = cWindow()

另一个错误陷阱是防止出现此异常SetAsForegroundWindow

error: (0, 'SetForegroundWindow', 'No error message is available')

只需在 win32gui 调用之前发送一个 alt 键:

# Add this import
import win32com.client

# Add this to __ini__
self.shell = win32com.client.Dispatch("WScript.Shell")

# And SetAsForegroundWindow becomes
def SetAsForegroundWindow(self):
    self.shell.SendKeys('%')
    win32gui.SetForegroundWindow(self._hwnd)

最后,如果可以的话,不要比较!= None但是is not None。更多pythonic ;)

这是完整的代码:

# coding: utf-8

import re, traceback
import win32gui, win32con, win32com.client
from time import sleep


class cWindow:
    def __init__(self):
        self._hwnd = None
        self.shell = win32com.client.Dispatch("WScript.Shell")

    def BringToTop(self):
        win32gui.BringWindowToTop(self._hwnd)

    def SetAsForegroundWindow(self):
        self.shell.SendKeys('%')
        win32gui.SetForegroundWindow(self._hwnd)

    def Maximize(self):
        win32gui.ShowWindow(self._hwnd, win32con.SW_MAXIMIZE)

    def setActWin(self):
        win32gui.SetActiveWindow(self._hwnd)

    def _window_enum_callback(self, hwnd, wildcard):
        '''Pass to win32gui.EnumWindows() to check all the opened windows'''
        if re.match(wildcard, str(win32gui.GetWindowText(hwnd))) is not None:
            self._hwnd = hwnd

    def find_window_wildcard(self, wildcard):
        self._hwnd = None
        win32gui.EnumWindows(self._window_enum_callback, wildcard)

    def kill_task_manager(self):
        wildcard = 'Gestionnaire des t.+ches de Windows'
        self.find_window_wildcard(wildcard)
        if self._hwnd:
            win32gui.PostMessage(self._hwnd, win32con.WM_CLOSE, 0, 0)
            sleep(0.5)

def main():
    sleep(5)
    try:
        wildcard = ".*Building Operation WorkStation.*"
        cW = cWindow()
        cW.kill_task_manager()
        cW.find_window_wildcard(wildcard)
        cW.BringToTop()
        cW.Maximize()
        cW.SetAsForegroundWindow()

    except:
        f = open("log.txt", "w")
        f.write(traceback.format_exc())
        print(traceback.format_exc())


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

资料来源:如何在 Python 中使用 win32guiwin32gui.SetActiveWindow() 使用句柄关闭窗口 错误:找不到指定的过程

于 2015-05-18T23:10:12.660 回答
6

注意:以下仅涉及确保在激活窗口之前隐藏诸如任务管理器之类的始终位于顶部的窗口- 它假定激活部分本身可以正常工作,但情况可能并非如此。此处SetForegroundWindow列出了允许进程调用Windows API 函数的条件。


任务管理器有两个特别之处:

  • 默认情况下,它设置为始终显示在顶部,即高于所有其他窗口。
  • 即使关闭(Options > Always on Top 未选中),您仍然可以使其显示在其他始终位于顶部的窗口之上(普通窗口似乎无法做到这一点)。

你的代码:

  • 正在工作 - 在我的测试中 - 在目标窗口确实成为活动窗口的意义上。
  • 从任务管理器窗口仍停留在(最大化)窗口顶部的意义上说,它 不起作用
    • 不幸的是,即使尝试使您的窗口也成为始终位于顶部的窗口也无济于事。

专门检查任务管理器窗口的存在并将其最小化是一个选项,但请注意,可能还有其他始终在顶部的窗口,因此对于一个强大的解决方案,您必须识别所有打开的始终在顶部的窗口并最小化他们

以下尝试识别除任务栏和开始按钮之外的所有始终在顶部的窗口,并最小化(有效隐藏)任何此类窗口。

新方法是hide_always_on_top_windows_window_enum_callback_hide

import win32gui, win32con
import re, traceback
from time import sleep

class cWindow:
    def __init__(self):
        self._hwnd = None

    def SetAsForegroundWindow(self):
        # First, make sure all (other) always-on-top windows are hidden.
        self.hide_always_on_top_windows() 
        win32gui.SetForegroundWindow(self._hwnd)

    def Maximize(self):
        win32gui.ShowWindow(self._hwnd, win32con.SW_MAXIMIZE)

    def _window_enum_callback(self, hwnd, regex):
        '''Pass to win32gui.EnumWindows() to check all open windows'''
        if self._hwnd is None and re.match(regex, str(win32gui.GetWindowText(hwnd))) is not None:
            self._hwnd = hwnd

    def find_window_regex(self, regex):
        self._hwnd = None
        win32gui.EnumWindows(self._window_enum_callback, regex)

    def hide_always_on_top_windows(self):
        win32gui.EnumWindows(self._window_enum_callback_hide, None)

    def _window_enum_callback_hide(self, hwnd, unused):
        if hwnd != self._hwnd: # ignore self
            # Is the window visible and marked as an always-on-top (topmost) window?
            if win32gui.IsWindowVisible(hwnd) and win32gui.GetWindowLong(hwnd, win32con.GWL_EXSTYLE) & win32con.WS_EX_TOPMOST:
                # Ignore windows of class 'Button' (the Start button overlay) and
                # 'Shell_TrayWnd' (the Task Bar).
                className = win32gui.GetClassName(hwnd)
                if not (className == 'Button' or className == 'Shell_TrayWnd'):
                    # Force-minimize the window.
                    # Fortunately, this seems to work even with windows that
                    # have no Minimize button.
                    # Note that if we tried to hide the window with SW_HIDE,
                    # it would disappear from the Task Bar as well.
                    win32gui.ShowWindow(hwnd, win32con.SW_FORCEMINIMIZE)

def main():
    sleep(5)
    try:      
        regex = ".*Building Operation WorkStation.*"
        cW = cWindow()
        cW.find_window_regex(regex)
        cW.Maximize()
        cW.SetAsForegroundWindow()

    except:
        f = open("log.txt", "w")
        f.write(traceback.format_exc())
        print(traceback.format_exc())
main()
于 2015-05-19T04:47:44.257 回答