我正在尝试在 Debian Wheezy 7.5 上设置 mariadb galera 集群。我发现了许多不同的指令，都有点不同，但到目前为止没有一个有效。
我正在尝试设置一个两节点集群。
在主节点上，我使用默认的 my.cnf，在 conf.d/cluster.cnf 中有这些附加设置：
[mysqld]
#mysql settings
bind-address=10.1.1.139
query_cache_size=0
query_cache_type=0
binlog_format=ROW
default_storage_engine=innodb
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
innodb_doublewrite=1
#galery settings
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://10.1.1.139,10.1.1.140"
wsrep_sst_method=rsync
wsrep_cluster_name="sql_cluster"
wsrep_node_incoming_address=10.1.1.139
wsrep_sst_receive_address=10.1.1.139
wsrep_sst_auth=cluster:password
wsrep_node_address='10.1.1.139'
wsrep_node_name='sql1'
wsrep_on=ON
创建集群用户，为该用户提供所有必需的权限，成功启动服务器
service mysql start --wsrep-new-cluster
集群启动，我可以看到cluster_size=1；
在第二个节点上，我使用默认的 my.cnf，在 conf.d/cluster.cnf 中有这些附加设置：
[mysqld]
#mysql settings
bind-address=10.1.1.140
query_cache_size=0
query_cache_type=0
binlog_format=ROW
default_storage_engine=innodb
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
innodb_doublewrite=1
#galery settings
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://10.1.1.139,10.1.1.140"
wsrep_sst_method=rsync
wsrep_cluster_name="sql_cluster"
wsrep_node_incoming_address=10.1.1.140
wsrep_sst_receive_address=10.1.1.140
wsrep_sst_auth=cluster:password
wsrep_node_address='10.1.1.140'
wsrep_node_name='sql1'
wsrep_on=ON
根据以下建议，我还用主节点上的 debian.cnf 替换了辅助节点上的 debian.cnf：
http://docs.openstack.org/high-availability-guide/content/ha-aa-db-mysql-galera.html并授予适当的权限（这在其他地方也有建议，没有正确的链接现在）。
两个节点上的 debian.cnf 内容：
[client]
host = localhost
user = debian-sys-maint
password = <password>
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
[mysql_upgrade]
host = localhost
user = debian-sys-maint
password = <password>
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
basedir = /usr
当我尝试使用以下命令启动第二个节点时：
service mysql start
它失败了，我在 /var/log/syslog 中得到了这个：
May 7 19:45:30 ns514282 mysqld_safe: Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
May 7 19:45:30 ns514282 mysqld_safe: WSREP: Running position recovery with --log_error='/var/lib/mysql/wsrep_recovery.s6Uwyc' --pid-file='/var/lib/mysql/ns514282.ip-167-114-159.net-recover.pid'
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld_safe: WSREP: Recovered position 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000:-1
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:33 [Note] WSREP: wsrep_start_position var submitted: '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000:-1'
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:33 [Note] WSREP: Read nil XID from storage engines, skipping position init
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:33 [Note] WSREP: wsrep_load(): loading provider library '/usr/lib/galera/libgalera_smm.so'
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:33 [Note] WSREP: wsrep_load(): Galera 3.9(rXXXX) by Codership Oy <info@codership.com> loaded successfully.
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:33 [Note] WSREP: CRC-32C: using hardware acceleration.
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:33 [Note] WSREP: Found saved state: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000:-1
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:33 [Note] WSREP: Passing config to GCS: base_host = 10.1.1.142; base_port = 4567; cert.log_conflicts = no; debug = no; evs.auto_evict = 0; evs.delay_margin = PT1S; evs.delayed_keep_period = PT30S; evs.inactive_check_period = PT0.5S; evs.inactive_timeout = PT15S; evs.join_retrans_period = PT1S; evs.max_install_timeouts = 3; evs.send_window = 4; evs.stats_report_period = PT1M; evs.suspect_timeout = PT5S; evs.user_send_window = 2; evs.view_forget_timeout = PT24H; gcache.dir = /var/lib/mysql/; gcache.keep_pages_size = 0; gcache.mem_size = 0; gcache.name = /var/lib/mysql//galera.cache; gcache.page_size = 128M; gcache.size = 128M; gcs.fc_debug = 0; gcs.fc_factor = 1.0; gcs.fc_limit = 16; gcs.fc_master_slave = no; gcs.max_packet_size = 64500; gcs.max_throttle = 0.25; gcs.recv_q_hard_limit = 9223372036854775807; gcs.recv_q_soft_limit = 0.25; gcs.sync_donor = no; gmcast.segment = 0; gmcast.version = 0; pc.announce_timeout = PT3S; pc.checksum = false; pc.ignore_quorum = false; pc.ignore_sb = false; pc.npv
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: o = false; pc.recovery
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:33 [Note] WSREP: Service thread queue flushed.
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:33 [Note] WSREP: Assign initial position for certification: -1, protocol version: -1
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:33 [Note] WSREP: wsrep_sst_grab()
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:33 [Note] WSREP: Start replication
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:33 [Note] WSREP: Setting initial position to 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000:-1
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:33 [Note] WSREP: protonet asio version 0
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:33 [Note] WSREP: Using CRC-32C for message checksums.
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:33 [Note] WSREP: backend: asio
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:33 [Note] WSREP: restore pc from disk successfully
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:33 [Note] WSREP: GMCast version 0
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:33 [Note] WSREP: (66b559a2, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') listening at tcp://0.0.0.0:4567
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:33 [Note] WSREP: (66b559a2, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') multicast: , ttl: 1
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:33 [Note] WSREP: EVS version 0
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:33 [Note] WSREP: gcomm: connecting to group 'bfm_cluster', peer '10.1.1.141:,10.1.1.142:'
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:33 [Warning] WSREP: (66b559a2, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') address 'tcp://10.1.1.142:4567' points to own listening address, blacklisting
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:33 [Note] WSREP: (66b559a2, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') address 'tcp://10.1.1.142:4567' pointing to uuid 66b559a2 is blacklisted, skipping
May 7 19:45:33 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:33 [Note] WSREP: (66b559a2, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') turning message relay requesting on, nonlive peers:
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:34 [Note] WSREP: declaring dc2b490d at tcp://10.1.1.141:4567 stable
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:34 [Note] WSREP: re-bootstrapping prim from partitioned components
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:34 [Note] WSREP: view(view_id(PRIM,66b559a2,12) memb {
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #01166b559a2,0
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011dc2b490d,0
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: } joined {
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: } left {
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: } partitioned {
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: })
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:34 [Note] WSREP: save pc into disk
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:34 [Note] WSREP: clear restored view
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:34 [Note] WSREP: gcomm: connected
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:34 [Note] WSREP: Changing maximum packet size to 64500, resulting msg size: 32636
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:34 [Note] WSREP: Shifting CLOSED -> OPEN (TO: 0)
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:34 [Note] WSREP: Opened channel 'bfm_cluster'
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:34 [Note] WSREP: Waiting for SST to complete.
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:34 [Note] WSREP: New COMPONENT: primary = yes, bootstrap = no, my_idx = 0, memb_num = 2
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:34 [Note] WSREP: STATE_EXCHANGE: sent state UUID: 279db665-f513-11e4-9149-aa318d13ebc4
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:34 [Note] WSREP: STATE EXCHANGE: sent state msg: 279db665-f513-11e4-9149-aa318d13ebc4
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:34 [Note] WSREP: STATE EXCHANGE: got state msg: 279db665-f513-11e4-9149-aa318d13ebc4 from 0 (sql1)
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:34 [Note] WSREP: STATE EXCHANGE: got state msg: 279db665-f513-11e4-9149-aa318d13ebc4 from 1 (sql3)
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:34 [Warning] WSREP: Quorum: No node with complete state:
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld:
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld:
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011Version : 3
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011Flags : 0x1
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011Protocols : 0 / 7 / 3
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011State : NON-PRIMARY
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011Prim state : NON-PRIMARY
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011Prim UUID : 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011Prim seqno : -1
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011First seqno : -1
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011Last seqno : -1
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011Prim JOINED : 0
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011State UUID : 279db665-f513-11e4-9149-aa318d13ebc4
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011Group UUID : 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011Name : 'sql1'
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011Incoming addr: '10.1.1.142:3306'
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld:
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011Version : 3
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011Flags : 0x2
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011Protocols : 0 / 7 / 3
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011State : NON-PRIMARY
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011Prim state : SYNCED
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011Prim UUID : b65a0277-f50f-11e4-a916-dbeff5b65a2e
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011Prim seqno : 8
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011First seqno : -1
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011Last seqno : 0
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011Prim JOINED : 1
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011State UUID : 279db665-f513-11e4-9149-aa318d13ebc4
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011Group UUID : dc2be55b-f506-11e4-8748-4bd7f3fc795c
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011Name : 'sql3'
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011Incoming addr: '10.1.1.141:3306'
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld:
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:34 [Note] WSREP: Full re-merge of primary b65a0277-f50f-11e4-a916-dbeff5b65a2e found: 1 of 1.
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:34 [Note] WSREP: Quorum results:
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011version = 3,
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011component = PRIMARY,
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011conf_id = 8,
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011members = 1/2 (joined/total),
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011act_id = 0,
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011last_appl. = -1,
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011protocols = 0/7/3 (gcs/repl/appl),
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011group UUID = dc2be55b-f506-11e4-8748-4bd7f3fc795c
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:34 [Note] WSREP: Flow-control interval: [23, 23]
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:34 [Note] WSREP: Shifting OPEN -> PRIMARY (TO: 0)
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:34 [Note] WSREP: State transfer required:
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011Group state: dc2be55b-f506-11e4-8748-4bd7f3fc795c:0
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: #011Local state: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000:-1
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:34 [Note] WSREP: New cluster view: global state: dc2be55b-f506-11e4-8748-4bd7f3fc795c:0, view# 9: Primary, number of nodes: 2, my index: 0, protocol version 3
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:34 [Warning] WSREP: Gap in state sequence. Need state transfer.
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:34 [Note] WSREP: Running: 'wsrep_sst_rsync --role 'joiner' --address '10.1.1.142' --auth 'cluster:password' --datadir '/var/lib/mysql/' --defaults-file '/etc/mysql/my.cnf' --parent '12278' --binlog '/var/log/mysql/mariadb-bin' '
May 7 19:45:34 ns514282 rsyncd[12428]: rsyncd version 3.0.9 starting, listening on port 4444
May 7 19:45:37 ns514282 mysqld: 150507 19:45:37 [Note] WSREP: (66b559a2, 'tcp://0.0.0.0:4567') turning message relay requesting off
May 7 19:45:47 ns514282 /usr/sbin/irqbalance: Load average increasing, re-enabling all cpus for irq balancing
May 7 19:45:57 ns514282 /usr/sbin/irqbalance: Load average increasing, re-enabling all cpus for irq balancing
May 7 19:46:02 ns514282 /USR/SBIN/CRON[16491]: (root) CMD (/usr/local/rtm/bin/rtm 50 > /dev/null 2> /dev/null)
May 7 19:46:03 ns514282 /etc/init.d/mysql[16711]: 0 processes alive and '/usr/bin/mysqladmin --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf ping' resulted in
May 7 19:46:03 ns514282 /etc/init.d/mysql[16711]: #007/usr/bin/mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed
May 7 19:46:03 ns514282 /etc/init.d/mysql[16711]: error: 'Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (111 "Connection refused")'
May 7 19:46:03 ns514282 /etc/init.d/mysql[16711]: Check that mysqld is running and that the socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' exists!
这个问题在互联网上有无数的线索。有些没有答案。一些确实有答案的人
无法通过套接字 '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' 连接到本地 MySQL 服务器- 没有答案。但根据评论， mysql.sock 确实存在并且拥有 mysql.mysql 所有权。
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2) - 服务器已安装，socket 再次出现在正确的位置
我还读到这可能是 /var/run/mysqld 上的权限问题，但我已经检查了这个并给了它 mysql.mysql 所有权。
如果不出意外，这是试图重振这个问题的尝试。任何方向都非常感谢。
谢谢，
更新： 两个节点的 my.cnf。它是默认的 my.cnf。唯一的变化是注释掉该bind-address=127.0.0.1行。
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
[mysqld_safe]
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
nice = 0
[mysqld]
user = mysql
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port = 3306
basedir = /usr
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir = /tmp
lc_messages_dir = /usr/share/mysql
lc_messages = en_US
skip-external-locking
# bind-address = 127.0.0.1
max_connections = 100
connect_timeout = 5
wait_timeout = 600
max_allowed_packet = 16M
thread_cache_size = 128
sort_buffer_size = 4M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 16M
tmp_table_size = 32M
max_heap_table_size = 32M
myisam_recover = BACKUP
key_buffer_size = 128M
table_open_cache = 400
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 512M
concurrent_insert = 2
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M
query_cache_limit = 128K
query_cache_size = 64M
log_warnings = 2
slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mariadb-slow.log
long_query_time = 10
log_slow_verbosity = query_plan
log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mariadb-bin
log_bin_index = /var/log/mysql/mariadb-bin.index
expire_logs_days = 10
max_binlog_size = 100M
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 256M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_open_files = 400
innodb_io_capacity = 400
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
[mysqldump]
quick
quote-names
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 16M
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
更新 另外，我测试了，如果我尝试自行定期启动节点，（没有集群，没有额外的设置，只是默认值）它可以工作。