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是否有将 gettext 嵌入locale/xy/LC_MESSAGES/*PYZ中的既定方法?特别是让 Gtks 自动小部件翻译ZIP 存档中提取它们。

对于其他嵌入式资源pkgutil.get_detainspect/get_source工作得很好。但是系统Python gettext API依赖于bindtextdomain提供一个普通的旧的localedir;没有资源或字符串等。

因此,我无法设计出可行甚至远程实用的解决方法:

  1. 虚拟gvfs/gio路径
    现在使用archive://file%3A%2F%2Fmypkg.pyz%2Fmessages%2FIRI 可以替代直接从 zip 读取其他文件。但是glibs g_dgettext仍然只是系统库的一个薄包装。因此,任何此类 URL 都不能用作localedir.

  2. 部分提取 zip
    我认为这就是 PyInstaller 的工作方式。但是将某些东西捆绑为.pyz应用程序当然有些荒谬,只是在每次调用时都预先提取它。

  3. Userland gettext .mo/ .poextract
    现在手动读取消息目录或仅使用琐碎的字典将是一种选择。但仅适用于应用程序中的字符串。这又是没有办法让 Gtk/GtkBuilder 隐式地拾取它们。
    因此,我不得不手动遍历整个小部件树、标签、文本、内部小部件、markup_text 等。可能,但是meh

  4. 保险丝安装
    这将是超级片状的。但是,当然,可以访问 zip 内容gvfs-mount等。这似乎是某种内存占用。而且我怀疑它是否会保持可靠,例如两个应用程序实例正在运行,或者之前的不干净终止。(我不知道,由于系统库,如 gettext,绊倒了一个脆弱的 zip 熔断点..)

  5. 用于翻译的 Gtk 信号/事件(?)
    我发现对此深有感触,所以我有点确定在 Gtk/PyGtk/GI 中没有用于小部件翻译的替代机制。Gtk/Builder 期望并绑定到gettext。

也许有更可靠的方法?

4

1 回答 1

4

这是我的示例 Glade/GtkBuilder/Gtk 应用程序。我已经定义了一个函数,它透明地翻译 glade xml 文件并作为字符串 xml_gettext传递给实例。gtk.Builder

import mygettext as gettext
import os
import sys

import gtk
from gtk import glade

glade_xml = '''<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<interface>
  <!-- interface-requires gtk+ 3.0 -->
  <object class="GtkWindow" id="window1">
    <property name="can_focus">False</property>
    <signal name="delete-event" handler="onDeleteWindow" swapped="no"/>
    <child>
      <object class="GtkButton" id="button1">
        <property name="label" translatable="yes">Welcome to Python!</property>
        <property name="use_action_appearance">False</property>
        <property name="visible">True</property>
        <property name="can_focus">True</property>
        <property name="receives_default">True</property>
        <property name="use_action_appearance">False</property>
        <signal name="pressed" handler="onButtonPressed" swapped="no"/>
      </object>
    </child>
  </object>
</interface>'''

class Handler:
    def onDeleteWindow(self, *args):
        gtk.main_quit(*args)

    def onButtonPressed(self, button):
       print('locale: {}\nLANGUAGE: {}'.format(
              gettext.find('myapp','locale'),os.environ['LANGUAGE']))

def main():
    builder = gtk.Builder()
    translated_xml = gettext.xml_gettext(glade_xml)
    builder.add_from_string(translated_xml)
    builder.connect_signals(Handler())

    window = builder.get_object("window1")
    window.show_all()

    gtk.main()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()  

我已将包locale.zip中包含的语言环境目录归档到其中pyz
这是内容locale.zip

(u'/locale/fr_FR/LC_MESSAGES/myapp.mo',
 u'/locale/en_US/LC_MESSAGES/myapp.mo',
 u'/locale/en_IN/LC_MESSAGES/myapp.mo')

要将 locale.zip 作为文件系统,我使用fs中的 ZipFS 。

幸运的是 Pythongettext不是 GNU gettext。gettext是纯 Python,它不使用 GNU gettext,而是模仿它。gettext有两个核心功能findtranslation. 我在一个名为的单独模块中重新定义了这两个,mygettext以使它们使用ZipFS.

gettext使用os.path,os.path.existsopen查找文件并打开它们,我用等效的表单fs模块替换它们。

这是我申请的内容。

pyzzer.pyz -i glade_v1.pyz  
# A zipped Python application
# Built with pyzzer

Archive contents:
  glade_dist/glade_example.py
  glade_dist/locale.zip
  glade_dist/__init__.py
  glade_dist/mygettext.py
  __main__.py

因为pyz文件前面有文本,通常是 shebang,所以我pyz在以二进制模式打开文件后跳过了这一行。应用程序中想要使用该gettext.gettext功能的其他模块,应改为导入zfs_gettextfrommygettext并将其设为_.

来了mygettext.py

from errno import ENOENT
from gettext import _expand_lang, _translations, _default_localedir
from gettext import GNUTranslations, NullTranslations
import gettext
import copy
import os
import sys
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
import zipfile

import fs
from fs.zipfs import ZipFS


zfs = None
if zipfile.is_zipfile(sys.argv[0]):
    try:
        myself = open(sys.argv[0],'rb')
        next(myself)
        zfs = ZipFS(ZipFS(myself,'r').open('glade_dist/locale.zip','rb'))
    except:
        pass
else:
    try:
        zfs = ZipFS('locale.zip','r')
    except:
        pass
if zfs:
    os.path = fs.path
    os.path.exists = zfs.exists
    open = zfs.open

def find(domain, localedir=None, languages=None, all=0):

    # Get some reasonable defaults for arguments that were not supplied
    if localedir is None:
        localedir = _default_localedir
    if languages is None:
        languages = []
        for envar in ('LANGUAGE', 'LC_ALL', 'LC_MESSAGES', 'LANG'):
            val = os.environ.get(envar)
            if val:
                languages = val.split(':')
                break
                                                                                     if 'C' not in languages:
            languages.append('C')
    # now normalize and expand the languages
    nelangs = []
    for lang in languages:
        for nelang in _expand_lang(lang):
            if nelang not in nelangs:
                nelangs.append(nelang)
    # select a language
    if all:
        result = []
    else:
        result = None
    for lang in nelangs:
        if lang == 'C':
            break
        mofile = os.path.join(localedir, lang, 'LC_MESSAGES', '%s.mo' % domain)
        mofile_lp = os.path.join("/usr/share/locale-langpack", lang,
                               'LC_MESSAGES', '%s.mo' % domain)

        # first look into the standard locale dir, then into the 
        # langpack locale dir

        # standard mo file
        if os.path.exists(mofile):
            if all:
                result.append(mofile)
            else:
                return mofile

        # langpack mofile -> use it
        if os.path.exists(mofile_lp): 
            if all:
                result.append(mofile_lp)
            else:
               return mofile

        # langpack mofile -> use it
        if os.path.exists(mofile_lp): 
            if all:
                result.append(mofile_lp)
            else:
                return mofile_lp

    return result

def translation(domain, localedir=None, languages=None,
                class_=None, fallback=False, codeset=None):
    if class_ is None:
        class_ = GNUTranslations
    mofiles = find(domain, localedir, languages, all=1)
    if not mofiles:
        if fallback:
            return NullTranslations()
        raise IOError(ENOENT, 'No translation file found for domain', domain)
    # Avoid opening, reading, and parsing the .mo file after it's been done
    # once.
    result = None
    for mofile in mofiles:
        key = (class_, os.path.abspath(mofile))
        t = _translations.get(key)
        if t is None:
            with open(mofile, 'rb') as fp:
                t = _translations.setdefault(key, class_(fp))
        # Copy the translation object to allow setting fallbacks and
        # output charset. All other instance data is shared with the
        # cached object.
        t = copy.copy(t)
        if codeset:
            t.set_output_charset(codeset)
        if result is None:
            result = t
        else:
            result.add_fallback(t)
    return result

def xml_gettext(xml_str):
    root = ET.fromstring(xml_str)
    labels = root.findall('.//*[@name="label"][@translatable="yes"]')
    for label in labels:
        label.text = _(label.text)
    return ET.tostring(root)

gettext.find = find
gettext.translation = translation
_ = zfs_gettext = gettext.gettext

gettext.bindtextdomain('myapp','locale')
gettext.textdomain('myapp')

不应该调用以下两个,因为glade不使用 Python gettext

glade.bindtextdomain('myapp','locale')
glade.textdomain('myapp')
于 2015-04-28T22:07:45.070 回答