1

我是 C 编程的新手，我已经为需求规范编写了代码，但我一直遇到分段错误并且无法继续进行。如果文件名是“code.c”并且它运行时出现未传递参数（文件名）的错误。但是如果文件名通过了，我们就会陷入分段错误。任何帮助/建议将不胜感激。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>



struct _data 
{               
   char *firstName;
   char *lastName;
   long number;
}; 

// SCAN FILE
int SCAN(FILE *(*stream))
{
    *stream = fopen("inputFile.data", "r");

    int ch = 0, lines = 0;

    while (!feof(*stream))
    {
        ch = fgetc(*stream);
        if (ch == '\n')
        {
            lines++;
        }
    }
    return lines;
}

// LOAD FILE
struct _data *LOAD(FILE *stream, int size) 
{
    int i;
    size_t chrCount;
    char *text, *number, *firstName, *lastName;
    struct _data *BlackBox;

    if ((BlackBox = (struct _data*)calloc(size, sizeof(struct _data))) == NULL) 
    {
          printf("ERROR - Could not allocate memory.\n");
          exit(0);
    }

    rewind(stream);


    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) 
    {
        getline(&text, &chrCount, stream);
        firstName   = strtok(text, " ");
        lastName    = strtok(text, " ");
        number      = strtok(NULL, "\n");

        // Allocate memory for name part of struct.
        if ((BlackBox[i].firstName = (char*)calloc(strlen(firstName), sizeof(char))) == NULL) 
        {
           printf("ERROR - Could not allocate memory.\n");
           exit(0);
        }
        if ((BlackBox[i].lastName = (char*)calloc(strlen(lastName), sizeof(char))) == NULL)
        {
           printf("ERROR - Could not allocate memory.\n");
           exit(0);
        }

        strcpy(BlackBox[i].firstName, firstName);
        strcpy(BlackBox[i].lastName, lastName);
        BlackBox[i].number = atol(number);
    }
    fclose(stream);
    return BlackBox;
}


void SEARCH(struct _data *BlackBox, char *name, int size, int inputs) 
{
    int i;
    int found = 0;
    char *search = " ";
    char *firstName;
    char *lastName; 

    if (inputs == 2)
    {
        firstName = strtok(name, search);
        lastName = strtok(NULL, search);
    }


    printf("*******************************************\n");
    if (inputs == 2)
    {   
        for (i = 0; i < size; i++) 
        {          
            if (!strcasecmp(firstName, BlackBox[i].firstName) && !strcasecmp(firstName, BlackBox[i].firstName))
            {
                printf("The name was found at the %d entry.\n", i);
                found = 1;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        for (i = 0; i < size; i++) 
        {          
            if (!strcasecmp(firstName, BlackBox[i].firstName) || !strcasecmp(firstName, BlackBox[i].firstName))
            {
                printf("The name was found at the %d entry.\n", i);
                found = 1;
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    if (found == 0) 
    {
          printf("The name was NOT found.\n");
    }
    printf("*******************************************\n");
}

// FREE MEMORY
void FREE(struct _data *BlackBox, int size) 
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) 
    {
        free(BlackBox[i].firstName);
        free(BlackBox[i].lastName);
    } 
    free(BlackBox);
    BlackBox = NULL;
}


// MAIN
int main(int argv, char **argc) 
{
    int size;
    FILE *stream;
    struct _data *BlackBox;

    // argv == 1 WORKS, Below message is printed.
    if (argv == 1) 
    {          
        printf("*******************************************\n");
        printf("* You must include a name to search for.  *\n");
        printf("*******************************************\n");
    }
    // argv == 2 DOES NOT WORK, Segmentation Fault.     
    if (argv == 2) 
    {
        size = SCAN (&stream);
        BlackBox = LOAD(stream, size);
        SEARCH(BlackBox, argc[1], size, 1);
    }
    if (argv == 3) 
    {
        size = SCAN(&stream);
        BlackBox = LOAD(stream, size);
        SEARCH(BlackBox, argc[2], size, 2);
    }
    return 0;
}
4

3 回答 3

0

这段代码有问题：

    firstName   = strtok(text, " ");
    lastName    = strtok(text, " ");
    number      = strtok(NULL, "\n");

...

    BlackBox[i].number = atol(number);

第二个调用应该作为它的第一个参数strtok()传递。NULL事实上，第三次strtok()调用肯定会返回NULL，因为第一次调用text以这样一种方式进行修改，即第二次调用会消耗整个事物（当从头开始再次进行标记时，就像它错误地那样）。但是，您不会对此进行测试，因此atol()会尝试取消引用空指针。

更新：

此外，正如@chqrlie 和后来的@JamesWilkins 所观察到的，您没有为BlackBox[i].firstNameand分配足够的空间BlackBox[i].lastName，因为您还需要为字符串终止符留出空间。这是一个完全独立的问题，也可能产生段错误。我喜欢@chqrlie 建议切换到strdup()，但只需将每个分配增加一个单位就足够了。

更新 2：

此外，您对此行有疑问：

    getline(&text, &chrCount, stream);

您没有text在第一次调用之前初始化变量，因此它包含一个垃圾值。仅当函数的第一个参数指向 NULL 指针时，该函数才分配缓冲区；否则，它将该行写入通过取消引用第一个参数获得的指针所指向的缓冲区。写入内存中的随机位置肯定会产生未定义的行为，这在实践中通常表现为段错误。

此外，除非您可以依赖文件的任何行都不会比第一行长，否则您还需要text在每次循环迭代结束时释放指针并将其值重置为NULL，以便getline()在下一次迭代时分配一个新的缓冲区。如果您不在每次迭代时释放它，那么您需要在循环结束后释放它；否则你会泄漏内存。

于 2015-04-08T22:23:57.140 回答
0

试试这个（虽然我在 Windows 上使用 Visual Studio）。我添加了代码来检查最后一行是否缺少“\n”，并且还允许使用可变数量的搜索词。我还将字符串的内存分配增加了 1，以解决空终止字符的问题。我注意到您使用getline(const char*...的是 GNU（Linux？），因此我将其更改为fgets()只是这样我就可以在 VS 中编译和测试它（因此您可以根据需要将其更改回来）。为了更安全，我还进行了各种空检查。

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

struct _data
{
    char *firstName;
    char *lastName;
    long number;
};

// SCAN FILE
int SCAN(FILE *(*stream))
{
    *stream = fopen("inputFile.data", "r");
    if (*stream == NULL)
    {
        perror("Error opening file");
        return 0;
    }

    char ch = 0, lines = 0, linesize = 0;

    while ((ch = fgetc(*stream)) != EOF)
    {
        if (ch == '\n')
        {
            lines++;
            linesize = 0;
        }
        else linesize++;
    }

    if (linesize > 0)
        lines++; // (last line doesn't have '\n')

    return lines;
}

// LOAD FILE
struct _data *LOAD(FILE *stream, int lineCount)
{
    int i;
    size_t chrCount = 256;
    char text[256], *result, *number, *firstName, *lastName;
    struct _data *BlackBox;

    if ((BlackBox = (struct _data*)calloc(lineCount, sizeof(struct _data))) == NULL)
    {
        printf("ERROR - Could not allocate memory.\n");
        exit(0);
    }
    else memset(BlackBox, 0, sizeof(struct _data) * lineCount); // (make sure all data members are null to begin)

    rewind(stream);


    for (i = 0; i < lineCount; i++)
    {
        result = fgets(text, chrCount, stream);
        if (result == NULL)
            break; // (EOF)

        firstName = strtok(text, " ");
        lastName = strtok(NULL, " ");
        number = strtok(NULL, "\n");

        // Allocate memory for name part of struct.
        if ((BlackBox[i].firstName = (char*)calloc(strlen(firstName) + 1, sizeof(char))) == NULL)
        {
            printf("ERROR - Could not allocate memory.\n");
            exit(0);
        }
        if ((BlackBox[i].lastName = (char*)calloc(strlen(lastName) + 1, sizeof(char))) == NULL)
        {
            printf("ERROR - Could not allocate memory.\n");
            exit(0);
        }

        strcpy(BlackBox[i].firstName, firstName);
        strcpy(BlackBox[i].lastName, lastName);
        BlackBox[i].number = atol(number);
    }

    fclose(stream);

    return BlackBox;
}


void SEARCH(struct _data *BlackBox, char **names, int lineCount, int inputs)
{
    int i, l;
    int found = 0;

    printf("*******************************************\n");

    for (i = 0; i < inputs; ++i)
    {
        for (l = 0; l < lineCount; ++l)
        {
            if (BlackBox[l].firstName != NULL && !_stricmp(names[i], BlackBox[l].firstName)
                || BlackBox[l].lastName != NULL && !_stricmp(names[i], BlackBox[l].lastName))
            {
                printf("The name was found on line %d.\n", 1 + l);
                found = 1;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (found) break;
    }

    if (!found)
        printf("The name was NOT found.\n");

    printf("*******************************************\n");
}

// FREE MEMORY
void FREE(struct _data *BlackBox, int lineCount)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < lineCount; i++)
    {
        if (BlackBox[i].firstName != NULL)
            free(BlackBox[i].firstName);
        if (BlackBox[i].lastName != NULL)
            free(BlackBox[i].lastName);
    }
    free(BlackBox);
}


// MAIN
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int lineCount;
    FILE *stream;
    struct _data *BlackBox;

    // argc == 1 WORKS, Below message is printed.
    if (argc == 1)
    {
        printf("*******************************************\n");
        printf("* You must include a name to search for.  *\n");
        printf("*******************************************\n");
    }
    // argc == 2 DOES NOT WORK, Segmentation Fault.     
    if (argc > 1)
    {
        lineCount = SCAN(&stream);
        if (lineCount > 0)
        {
            BlackBox = LOAD(stream, lineCount);
            SEARCH(BlackBox, argv + 1, lineCount, argc - 1);
            FREE(BlackBox, lineCount);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

在命令行上对其进行了测试，并且可以正常工作。

于 2015-04-09T07:14:40.337 回答
-2

问题是argvand argc。argc应该是一个 int （想想参数count），而 argv 是char**. 你把它们混在你的main.

于 2017-02-25T05:45:19.760 回答