23

在python中,有没有办法在等待用户输入时计算时间,以便在30秒后raw_input()自动跳过该功能?

4

7 回答 7

34

不幸的是,@jer 推荐的解决方案所基于的signal.alarm函数仅适用于 Unix。如果您需要跨平台或特定于 Windows 的解决方案,则可以将其基于threading.Timer,使用thread.interrupt_main从计时器线程发送KeyboardInterrupt到主线程。IE:

import thread
import threading

def raw_input_with_timeout(prompt, timeout=30.0):
    print(prompt, end=' ')    
    timer = threading.Timer(timeout, thread.interrupt_main)
    astring = None
    try:
        timer.start()
        astring = input(prompt)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        pass
    timer.cancel()
    return astring

这将返回 None 无论是 30 秒超时还是用户明确决定按下 control-C 以放弃输入任何内容,但以相同的方式处理这两种情况似乎是可以的(如果需要区分,可以使用对于计时器,您自己的功能,在中断主线程之前,在某处记录发生超时的事实并在您的处理程序中KeyboardInterrupt访问该“某处”以区分发生了两种情况中的哪一种)。

编辑:我本可以发誓这是有效的,但我一定是错的——上面的代码省略了明显需要的timer.start()即使有了它我也不能让它工作了。 将是显而易见的另一件事,但它不适用于 Windows 中的“普通文件”(包括标准输入)——在 Unix 中,它适用于所有文件,在 Windows 中,仅适用于套接字。select.select

所以我不知道如何做一个跨平台的“带超时的原始输入”。可以使用紧密循环轮询msvcrt.kbhit构造一个特定于 Windows 的系统,执行 a msvcrt.getche(并检查它是否是指示输出完成的返回,在这种情况下它会跳出循环,否则会累积并继续等待)并检查如果需要,可以超时。我无法测试,因为我没有 Windows 机器(它们都是 Mac 和 Linux 机器),但在这里我建议未经测试的代码:

import msvcrt
import time

def raw_input_with_timeout(prompt, timeout=30.0):
    print(prompt, end=' ')    
    finishat = time.time() + timeout
    result = []
    while True:
        if msvcrt.kbhit():
            result.append(msvcrt.getche())
            if result[-1] == '\r':   # or \n, whatever Win returns;-)
                return ''.join(result)
            time.sleep(0.1)          # just to yield to other processes/threads
        else:
            if time.time() > finishat:
                return None

评论中的 OP 说他不想return None超时,但有什么替代方法?引发异常?返回不同的默认值?无论他想要什么替代品,他都可以清楚地代替我的return None;-)。

如果您不想仅仅因为用户输入缓慢而超时(而不是根本不输入!-),您可以在每次成功输入字符后重新计算完成。

于 2010-05-29T01:41:29.423 回答
13

我在一篇博文中找到了解决此问题的方法。这是该博客文章中的代码:

import signal

class AlarmException(Exception):
    pass

def alarmHandler(signum, frame):
    raise AlarmException

def nonBlockingRawInput(prompt='', timeout=20):
    signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, alarmHandler)
    signal.alarm(timeout)
    try:
        text = raw_input(prompt)
        signal.alarm(0)
        return text
    except AlarmException:
        print '\nPrompt timeout. Continuing...'
    signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, signal.SIG_IGN)
    return ''

请注意:此代码仅适用于 *nix OSs

于 2010-05-29T01:32:22.307 回答
4
from threading import Timer


def input_with_timeout(x):    

def time_up():
    answer= None
    print('time up...')

t = Timer(x,time_up) # x is amount of time in seconds
t.start()
try:
    answer = input("enter answer : ")
except Exception:
    print('pass\n')
    answer = None

if answer != True:   # it means if variable have somthing 
    t.cancel()       # time_up will not execute(so, no skip)

input_with_timeout(5) # try this for five seconds

因为它是自定义的......在命令行提示符下运行它,我希望你会得到答案阅读这个python文档你会很清楚这段代码中发生了什么!

于 2012-10-17T21:35:41.520 回答
4

input() 函数旨在等待用户输入某些内容(至少是 [Enter] 键)。

如果您不打算使用 input(),下面是使用 tkinter 的更轻量级的解决方案。在 tkinter 中,对话框(和任何小部件)可以在给定时间后销毁。

这是一个例子:

import tkinter as tk

def W_Input (label='Input dialog box', timeout=5000):
    w = tk.Tk()
    w.title(label)
    W_Input.data=''
    wFrame = tk.Frame(w, background="light yellow", padx=20, pady=20)
    wFrame.pack()
    wEntryBox = tk.Entry(wFrame, background="white", width=100)
    wEntryBox.focus_force()
    wEntryBox.pack()

    def fin():
        W_Input.data = str(wEntryBox.get())
        w.destroy()
    wSubmitButton = tk.Button(w, text='OK', command=fin, default='active')
    wSubmitButton.pack()

# --- optionnal extra code in order to have a stroke on "Return" equivalent to a mouse click on the OK button
    def fin_R(event):  fin()
    w.bind("<Return>", fin_R)
# --- END extra code --- 

    w.after(timeout, w.destroy) # This is the KEY INSTRUCTION that destroys the dialog box after the given timeout in millisecondsd
    w.mainloop()

W_Input() # can be called with 2 parameter, the window title (string), and the timeout duration in miliseconds

if W_Input.data : print('\nYou entered this : ', W_Input.data, end=2*'\n')

else : print('\nNothing was entered \n')
于 2015-06-19T23:54:16.823 回答
1

用于定时数学测试的 curses 示例

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import curses
import curses.ascii
import time

#stdscr = curses.initscr() - Using curses.wrapper instead
def main(stdscr):
    hd = 100 #Timeout in tenths of a second
    answer = ''

    stdscr.addstr('5+3=') #Your prompt text

    s = time.time() #Timing function to show that solution is working properly

    while True:
        #curses.echo(False)
        curses.halfdelay(hd)
        start = time.time()
        c = stdscr.getch()
        if c == curses.ascii.NL: #Enter Press
            break
        elif c == -1: #Return on timer complete
            break
        elif c == curses.ascii.DEL: #Backspace key for corrections. Could add additional hooks for cursor movement
            answer = answer[:-1]
            y, x = curses.getsyx()
            stdscr.delch(y, x-1)
        elif curses.ascii.isdigit(c): #Filter because I only wanted digits accepted
            answer += chr(c)
            stdscr.addstr(chr(c))
        hd -= int((time.time() - start) * 10) #Sets the new time on getch based on the time already used

    stdscr.addstr('\n')

    stdscr.addstr('Elapsed Time: %i\n'%(time.time() - s))
    stdscr.addstr('This is the answer: %s\n'%answer)
    #stdscr.refresh() ##implied with the call to getch
    stdscr.addstr('Press any key to exit...')
curses.wrapper(main)
于 2017-01-11T04:14:58.503 回答
0

在 linux 下可以使用 curses 和 getch 函数,它是非阻塞的。见 getch()

https://docs.python.org/2/library/curses.html

等待键盘输入 x 秒的函数(你必须先初始化一个 curses 窗口(win1)!

import time

def tastaturabfrage():

    inittime = int(time.time()) # time now
    waitingtime = 2.00          # time to wait in seconds

    while inittime+waitingtime>int(time.time()):

        key = win1.getch()      #check if keyboard entry or screen resize

        if key == curses.KEY_RESIZE:
            empty()
            resize()
            key=0
        if key == 118:
            p(4,'KEY V Pressed')
            yourfunction();
        if key == 107:
            p(4,'KEY K Pressed')
            yourfunction();
        if key == 99:
            p(4,'KEY c Pressed')
            yourfunction();
        if key == 120:
            p(4,'KEY x Pressed')
            yourfunction();

        else:
            yourfunction

        key=0
于 2016-10-09T07:41:54.440 回答
0

这是针对较新的python版本的,但我相信它仍然会回答这个问题。它的作用是向用户创建一条消息,表明时间到了,然后结束代码。我确信有一种方法可以让它跳过输入而不是完全结束代码,但无论哪种方式,这至少应该有所帮助......

import sys
import time
from threading import Thread
import pyautogui as pag
#imports the needed modules

xyz = 1 #for a reference call

choice1 = None #sets the starting status

def check():
    time.sleep(15)#the time limit set on the message
    global xyz
    if choice1 != None:  # if choice1 has input in it, than the time will not expire
        return
    if xyz == 1:  # if no input has been made within the time limit, then this message 
                  # will display
        pag.confirm(text = 'Time is up!', title = 'Time is up!!!!!!!!!')
        sys.exit()


Thread(target = check).start()#starts the timer
choice1 = input("Please Enter your choice: ")

于 2021-05-17T20:52:16.040 回答