在python中,有没有办法在等待用户输入时计算时间,以便在30秒后raw_input()
自动跳过该功能?
7 回答
不幸的是,@jer 推荐的解决方案所基于的signal.alarm函数仅适用于 Unix。如果您需要跨平台或特定于 Windows 的解决方案,则可以将其基于threading.Timer,使用thread.interrupt_main从计时器线程发送KeyboardInterrupt
到主线程。IE:
import thread
import threading
def raw_input_with_timeout(prompt, timeout=30.0):
print(prompt, end=' ')
timer = threading.Timer(timeout, thread.interrupt_main)
astring = None
try:
timer.start()
astring = input(prompt)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
timer.cancel()
return astring
这将返回 None 无论是 30 秒超时还是用户明确决定按下 control-C 以放弃输入任何内容,但以相同的方式处理这两种情况似乎是可以的(如果需要区分,可以使用对于计时器,您自己的功能,在中断主线程之前,在某处记录发生超时的事实,并在您的处理程序中KeyboardInterrupt
访问该“某处”以区分发生了两种情况中的哪一种)。
编辑:我本可以发誓这是有效的,但我一定是错的——上面的代码省略了明显需要的,timer.start()
即使有了它我也不能让它工作了。 将是显而易见的另一件事,但它不适用于 Windows 中的“普通文件”(包括标准输入)——在 Unix 中,它适用于所有文件,在 Windows 中,仅适用于套接字。select.select
所以我不知道如何做一个跨平台的“带超时的原始输入”。可以使用紧密循环轮询msvcrt.kbhit构造一个特定于 Windows 的系统,执行 a msvcrt.getche
(并检查它是否是指示输出完成的返回,在这种情况下它会跳出循环,否则会累积并继续等待)并检查如果需要,可以超时。我无法测试,因为我没有 Windows 机器(它们都是 Mac 和 Linux 机器),但在这里我建议未经测试的代码:
import msvcrt
import time
def raw_input_with_timeout(prompt, timeout=30.0):
print(prompt, end=' ')
finishat = time.time() + timeout
result = []
while True:
if msvcrt.kbhit():
result.append(msvcrt.getche())
if result[-1] == '\r': # or \n, whatever Win returns;-)
return ''.join(result)
time.sleep(0.1) # just to yield to other processes/threads
else:
if time.time() > finishat:
return None
评论中的 OP 说他不想return None
超时,但有什么替代方法?引发异常?返回不同的默认值?无论他想要什么替代品,他都可以清楚地代替我的return None
;-)。
如果您不想仅仅因为用户输入缓慢而超时(而不是根本不输入!-),您可以在每次成功输入字符后重新计算完成。
我在一篇博文中找到了解决此问题的方法。这是该博客文章中的代码:
import signal
class AlarmException(Exception):
pass
def alarmHandler(signum, frame):
raise AlarmException
def nonBlockingRawInput(prompt='', timeout=20):
signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, alarmHandler)
signal.alarm(timeout)
try:
text = raw_input(prompt)
signal.alarm(0)
return text
except AlarmException:
print '\nPrompt timeout. Continuing...'
signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, signal.SIG_IGN)
return ''
请注意:此代码仅适用于 *nix OSs。
from threading import Timer
def input_with_timeout(x):
def time_up():
answer= None
print('time up...')
t = Timer(x,time_up) # x is amount of time in seconds
t.start()
try:
answer = input("enter answer : ")
except Exception:
print('pass\n')
answer = None
if answer != True: # it means if variable have somthing
t.cancel() # time_up will not execute(so, no skip)
input_with_timeout(5) # try this for five seconds
因为它是自定义的......在命令行提示符下运行它,我希望你会得到答案阅读这个python文档你会很清楚这段代码中发生了什么!
input() 函数旨在等待用户输入某些内容(至少是 [Enter] 键)。
如果您不打算使用 input(),下面是使用 tkinter 的更轻量级的解决方案。在 tkinter 中,对话框(和任何小部件)可以在给定时间后销毁。
这是一个例子:
import tkinter as tk
def W_Input (label='Input dialog box', timeout=5000):
w = tk.Tk()
w.title(label)
W_Input.data=''
wFrame = tk.Frame(w, background="light yellow", padx=20, pady=20)
wFrame.pack()
wEntryBox = tk.Entry(wFrame, background="white", width=100)
wEntryBox.focus_force()
wEntryBox.pack()
def fin():
W_Input.data = str(wEntryBox.get())
w.destroy()
wSubmitButton = tk.Button(w, text='OK', command=fin, default='active')
wSubmitButton.pack()
# --- optionnal extra code in order to have a stroke on "Return" equivalent to a mouse click on the OK button
def fin_R(event): fin()
w.bind("<Return>", fin_R)
# --- END extra code ---
w.after(timeout, w.destroy) # This is the KEY INSTRUCTION that destroys the dialog box after the given timeout in millisecondsd
w.mainloop()
W_Input() # can be called with 2 parameter, the window title (string), and the timeout duration in miliseconds
if W_Input.data : print('\nYou entered this : ', W_Input.data, end=2*'\n')
else : print('\nNothing was entered \n')
用于定时数学测试的 curses 示例
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import curses
import curses.ascii
import time
#stdscr = curses.initscr() - Using curses.wrapper instead
def main(stdscr):
hd = 100 #Timeout in tenths of a second
answer = ''
stdscr.addstr('5+3=') #Your prompt text
s = time.time() #Timing function to show that solution is working properly
while True:
#curses.echo(False)
curses.halfdelay(hd)
start = time.time()
c = stdscr.getch()
if c == curses.ascii.NL: #Enter Press
break
elif c == -1: #Return on timer complete
break
elif c == curses.ascii.DEL: #Backspace key for corrections. Could add additional hooks for cursor movement
answer = answer[:-1]
y, x = curses.getsyx()
stdscr.delch(y, x-1)
elif curses.ascii.isdigit(c): #Filter because I only wanted digits accepted
answer += chr(c)
stdscr.addstr(chr(c))
hd -= int((time.time() - start) * 10) #Sets the new time on getch based on the time already used
stdscr.addstr('\n')
stdscr.addstr('Elapsed Time: %i\n'%(time.time() - s))
stdscr.addstr('This is the answer: %s\n'%answer)
#stdscr.refresh() ##implied with the call to getch
stdscr.addstr('Press any key to exit...')
curses.wrapper(main)
在 linux 下可以使用 curses 和 getch 函数,它是非阻塞的。见 getch()
https://docs.python.org/2/library/curses.html
等待键盘输入 x 秒的函数(你必须先初始化一个 curses 窗口(win1)!
import time
def tastaturabfrage():
inittime = int(time.time()) # time now
waitingtime = 2.00 # time to wait in seconds
while inittime+waitingtime>int(time.time()):
key = win1.getch() #check if keyboard entry or screen resize
if key == curses.KEY_RESIZE:
empty()
resize()
key=0
if key == 118:
p(4,'KEY V Pressed')
yourfunction();
if key == 107:
p(4,'KEY K Pressed')
yourfunction();
if key == 99:
p(4,'KEY c Pressed')
yourfunction();
if key == 120:
p(4,'KEY x Pressed')
yourfunction();
else:
yourfunction
key=0
这是针对较新的python版本的,但我相信它仍然会回答这个问题。它的作用是向用户创建一条消息,表明时间到了,然后结束代码。我确信有一种方法可以让它跳过输入而不是完全结束代码,但无论哪种方式,这至少应该有所帮助......
import sys
import time
from threading import Thread
import pyautogui as pag
#imports the needed modules
xyz = 1 #for a reference call
choice1 = None #sets the starting status
def check():
time.sleep(15)#the time limit set on the message
global xyz
if choice1 != None: # if choice1 has input in it, than the time will not expire
return
if xyz == 1: # if no input has been made within the time limit, then this message
# will display
pag.confirm(text = 'Time is up!', title = 'Time is up!!!!!!!!!')
sys.exit()
Thread(target = check).start()#starts the timer
choice1 = input("Please Enter your choice: ")