78

我有一个示例 Spring Boot 应用程序，其中包含以下内容

引导主类

@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
    }

控制器

@RestController
@EnableAutoConfiguration
public class HelloWorld {
    @RequestMapping("/")
    String gethelloWorld() {
        return "Hello World!";
    }

}

为控制器编写单元测试的最简单方法是什么？我尝试了以下方法，但它抱怨无法自动连接 WebApplicationContext

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = DemoApplication.class)
public class DemoApplicationTests {

    final String BASE_URL = "http://localhost:8080/";

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testSayHelloWorld() throws Exception{

         this.mockMvc.perform(get("/")
                 .accept(MediaType.parseMediaType("application/json;charset=UTF-8")))
                 .andExpect(status().isOk())
                 .andExpect(content().contentType("application/json"));
    }

    @Test
    public void contextLoads() {
    }

}
4

5 回答 5

51

Spring MVC 提供了一个standaloneSetup，它支持测试相对简单的控制器，而不需要上下文。

通过注册一个或多个 @Controller 的实例并以编程方式配置 Spring MVC 基础结构来构建 MockMvc。这允许完全控制控制器的实例化和初始化，以及它们的依赖关系，类似于普通的单元测试，同时也可以一次测试一个控制器。

控制器的示例测试可以简单到

public class DemoApplicationTests {

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new HelloWorld()).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testSayHelloWorld() throws Exception {
        this.mockMvc.perform(get("/")
           .accept(MediaType.parseMediaType("application/json;charset=UTF-8")))
           .andExpect(status().isOk())
           .andExpect(content().contentType("application/json"));

    }
}
于 2015-03-14T21:18:16.093 回答
32

Spring Boot 中首次出现的新测试改进1.4.M2有助于减少编写此类情况所需的代码量。

测试看起来像这样：

import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestB‌​uilders.get; 
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMat‌​chers.content; 
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMat‌​chers.status;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(HelloWorld.class)
public class UserVehicleControllerTests {
    
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;
    
    @Test
    public void testSayHelloWorld() throws Exception {
        this.mockMvc.perform(get("/").accept(MediaType.parseMediaType("application/json;charset=UTF-8")))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(content().contentType("application/json"));
    }
    
}

有关更多详细信息以及文档，请参阅此博客文章

于 2016-04-20T08:35:57.333 回答
7

这是使用 Spring MVC 的standaloneSetup 的另一个答案。使用这种方式，您可以自动装配控制器类或模拟它。

    import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
    import static org.springframework.test.web.server.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
    import static org.springframework.test.web.server.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
    import static org.springframework.test.web.server.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;

    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
    import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
    import org.springframework.test.web.server.MockMvc;
    import org.springframework.test.web.server.setup.MockMvcBuilders;


    @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
    @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
    public class DemoApplicationTests {

        final String BASE_URL = "http://localhost:8080/";

        @Autowired
        private HelloWorld controllerToTest;

        private MockMvc mockMvc;

        @Before
        public void setup() {
            this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(controllerToTest).build();
        }

        @Test
        public void testSayHelloWorld() throws Exception{
            //Mocking Controller
            controllerToTest = mock(HelloWorld.class);

             this.mockMvc.perform(get("/")
                     .accept(MediaType.parseMediaType("application/json;charset=UTF-8")))
                     .andExpect(status().isOk())
                     .andExpect(content().mimeType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));
        }

        @Test
        public void contextLoads() {
        }

    }
于 2016-12-12T13:24:33.003 回答
5

将@WebAppConfiguration( org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration) 注释添加到您的 DemoApplicationTests 类将起作用。

于 2016-01-21T07:58:28.663 回答
0

假设我有一个RestControllerwithGET/POST/PUT/DELETE操作，我必须使用 spring boot 编写单元测试。我将只共享 RestController 类的代码和相应的单元测试。不会将任何其他相关代码共享给控制器，可以对此进行假设。

@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = “/myapi/myApp” , produces = {"application/json"})
public class AppController {


    @Autowired
    private AppService service;

    @GetMapping
    public MyAppResponse<AppEntity> get() throws Exception {

        MyAppResponse<AppEntity> response = new MyAppResponse<AppEntity>();
        service.getApp().stream().forEach(x -> response.addData(x));    
        return response;
    }


    @PostMapping
    public ResponseEntity<HttpStatus> create(@RequestBody AppRequest request) throws Exception {
        //Validation code       
        service.createApp(request);

        return ResponseEntity.ok(HttpStatus.OK);
    }

    @PutMapping
    public ResponseEntity<HttpStatus> update(@RequestBody IDMSRequest request) throws Exception {

        //Validation code
        service.updateApp(request);

        return ResponseEntity.ok(HttpStatus.OK);
    }

    @DeleteMapping
    public ResponseEntity<HttpStatus> delete(@RequestBody AppRequest request) throws Exception {

        //Validation        
        service.deleteApp(request.id);

        return ResponseEntity.ok(HttpStatus.OK);
    }

}

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = Main.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
public abstract class BaseTest {
   protected MockMvc mvc;
   @Autowired
   WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;

   protected void setUp() {
      mvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build();
   }
   protected String mapToJson(Object obj) throws JsonProcessingException {
      ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
      return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(obj);
   }
   protected <T> T mapFromJson(String json, Class<T> clazz)
      throws JsonParseException, JsonMappingException, IOException {

      ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
      return objectMapper.readValue(json, clazz);
   }
}

public class AppControllerTest extends BaseTest {

    @MockBean
    private IIdmsService service;

    private static final String URI = "/myapi/myApp";


   @Override
   @Before
   public void setUp() {
      super.setUp();
   }

   @Test
   public void testGet() throws Exception {
       AppEntity entity = new AppEntity();
      List<AppEntity> dataList = new ArrayList<AppEntity>();
      AppResponse<AppEntity> dataResponse = new AppResponse<AppEntity>();
      entity.setId(1);
      entity.setCreated_at("2020-02-21 17:01:38.717863");
      entity.setCreated_by(“Abhinav Kr”);
      entity.setModified_at("2020-02-24 17:01:38.717863");
      entity.setModified_by(“Jyoti”);
            dataList.add(entity);

      dataResponse.setData(dataList);

      Mockito.when(service.getApp()).thenReturn(dataList);

      RequestBuilder requestBuilder =  MockMvcRequestBuilders.get(URI)
                 .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);

        MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(requestBuilder).andReturn();
        MockHttpServletResponse response = mvcResult.getResponse();

        String expectedJson = this.mapToJson(dataResponse);
        String outputInJson = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();

        assertEquals(HttpStatus.OK.value(), response.getStatus());
        assertEquals(expectedJson, outputInJson);
   }

   @Test
   public void testCreate() throws Exception {

       AppRequest request = new AppRequest();
       request.createdBy = 1;
       request.AppFullName = “My App”;
       request.appTimezone = “India”;

       String inputInJson = this.mapToJson(request);
       Mockito.doNothing().when(service).createApp(Mockito.any(AppRequest.class));
       service.createApp(request);
       Mockito.verify(service, Mockito.times(1)).createApp(request);

       RequestBuilder requestBuilder =  MockMvcRequestBuilders.post(URI)
                                                             .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(inputInJson)
                                                             .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);

       MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(requestBuilder).andReturn();
       MockHttpServletResponse response = mvcResult.getResponse();
       assertEquals(HttpStatus.OK.value(), response.getStatus());

   }

   @Test
   public void testUpdate() throws Exception {

       AppRequest request = new AppRequest();
       request.id = 1;
       request.modifiedBy = 1;
        request.AppFullName = “My App”;
       request.appTimezone = “Bharat”;

       String inputInJson = this.mapToJson(request);
       Mockito.doNothing().when(service).updateApp(Mockito.any(AppRequest.class));
       service.updateApp(request);
       Mockito.verify(service, Mockito.times(1)).updateApp(request);

       RequestBuilder requestBuilder =  MockMvcRequestBuilders.put(URI)
                                                             .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(inputInJson)
                                                             .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);

       MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(requestBuilder).andReturn();
       MockHttpServletResponse response = mvcResult.getResponse();
       assertEquals(HttpStatus.OK.value(), response.getStatus());

   }

   @Test
   public void testDelete() throws Exception {

       AppRequest request = new AppRequest();
       request.id = 1;

       String inputInJson = this.mapToJson(request);
       Mockito.doNothing().when(service).deleteApp(Mockito.any(Integer.class));
       service.deleteApp(request.id);
       Mockito.verify(service, Mockito.times(1)).deleteApp(request.id);

       RequestBuilder requestBuilder =  MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete(URI)
                                                             .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(inputInJson)
                                                             .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);

       MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(requestBuilder).andReturn();
       MockHttpServletResponse response = mvcResult.getResponse();
       assertEquals(HttpStatus.OK.value(), response.getStatus());

   }

}
于 2020-06-05T13:42:00.067 回答