所以我最终编写了一些方法,可以列出源文件中的所有内容,而无需导入源文件。
该ast
模块似乎没有特别好的文档记录,所以这有点像 PITA 试图弄清楚如何提取所有感兴趣的东西。尽管如此,今天经过大约 6 个小时的反复试验,我还是能够将它放在一起并在我的计算机上的 3000 多个 Python 源文件上运行它,而不会引发任何异常。
def listImportablesFromAST(ast_):
from ast import (Assign, ClassDef, FunctionDef, Import, ImportFrom, Name,
For, Tuple, TryExcept, TryFinally, With)
if isinstance(ast_, (ClassDef, FunctionDef)):
return [ast_.name]
elif isinstance(ast_, (Import, ImportFrom)):
return [name.asname if name.asname else name.name for name in ast_.names]
ret = []
if isinstance(ast_, Assign):
for target in ast_.targets:
if isinstance(target, Tuple):
ret.extend([elt.id for elt in target.elts])
elif isinstance(target, Name):
ret.append(target.id)
return ret
# These two attributes cover everything of interest from If, Module,
# and While. They also cover parts of For, TryExcept, TryFinally, and With.
if hasattr(ast_, 'body') and isinstance(ast_.body, list):
for innerAST in ast_.body:
ret.extend(listImportablesFromAST(innerAST))
if hasattr(ast_, 'orelse'):
for innerAST in ast_.orelse:
ret.extend(listImportablesFromAST(innerAST))
if isinstance(ast_, For):
target = ast_.target
if isinstance(target, Tuple):
ret.extend([elt.id for elt in target.elts])
else:
ret.append(target.id)
elif isinstance(ast_, TryExcept):
for innerAST in ast_.handlers:
ret.extend(listImportablesFromAST(innerAST))
elif isinstance(ast_, TryFinally):
for innerAST in ast_.finalbody:
ret.extend(listImportablesFromAST(innerAST))
elif isinstance(ast_, With):
if ast_.optional_vars:
ret.append(ast_.optional_vars.id)
return ret
def listImportablesFromSource(source, filename = '<Unknown>'):
from ast import parse
return listImportablesFromAST(parse(source, filename))
def listImportablesFromSourceFile(filename):
with open(filename) as f:
source = f.read()
return listImportablesFromSource(source, filename)
上面的代码涵盖了名义上的问题:如何在不运行 Python 包的情况下检查它的内容?
但它给你留下了另一个问题:我如何从 Python 包的名称中获取路径?
这是我写的来处理这个问题:
class PathToSourceFileException(Exception):
pass
class PackageMissingChildException(PathToSourceFileException):
pass
class PackageMissingInitException(PathToSourceFileException):
pass
class NotASourceFileException(PathToSourceFileException):
pass
def pathToSourceFile(name):
'''
Given a name, returns the path to the source file, if possible.
Otherwise raises an ImportError or subclass of PathToSourceFileException.
'''
from os.path import dirname, isdir, isfile, join
if '.' in name:
parentSource = pathToSourceFile('.'.join(name.split('.')[:-1]))
path = join(dirname(parentSource), name.split('.')[-1])
if isdir(path):
path = join(path, '__init__.py')
if isfile(path):
return path
raise PackageMissingInitException()
path += '.py'
if isfile(path):
return path
raise PackageMissingChildException()
from imp import find_module, PKG_DIRECTORY, PY_SOURCE
f, path, (suffix, mode, type_) = find_module(name)
if f:
f.close()
if type_ == PY_SOURCE:
return path
elif type_ == PKG_DIRECTORY:
path = join(path, '__init__.py')
if isfile(path):
return path
raise PackageMissingInitException()
raise NotASourceFileException('Name ' + name + ' refers to the file at path ' + path + ' which is not that of a source file.')
一起尝试这两个代码,我有这个功能:
def listImportablesFromName(name, allowImport = False):
try:
return listImportablesFromSourceFile(pathToSourceFile(name))
except PathToSourceFileException:
if not allowImport:
raise
return dir(__import__(name))
最后,这是我在问题中提到的我想要的函数的实现:
def necessaryImportFor(name):
packageNames = []
def nameHandler(name):
packageNames.append(name)
from pkgutil import walk_packages
for package in walk_packages(onerror=nameHandler):
nameHandler(package[1])
# Suggestion: Sort package names by count of '.', so shallower packages are searched first.
for package in packageNames:
# Suggestion: just skip any package that starts with 'test.'
try:
if name in listImportablesForName(package):
return package
except ImportError:
pass
except PathToSourceFileException:
pass
return None
这就是我度过星期天的方式。