我有一堆软件包及其依赖项的源文件，我想将它们安装在无法访问 Internet 的计算机上。我想将所有这些安装在使用 USB 记忆棒的其他计算机上，但某些软件包的安装失败，因为在软件包之前没有安装依赖项。如何在需要它们的软件包之前按顺序安装依赖项？
这是我当前获取包、它们的依赖项并按正确顺序获取它们的方法：
# find the dependencies for the packages I want
# from http://stackoverflow.com/a/15650828/1036500
getPackages <- function(packs){
packages <- unlist(
tools::package_dependencies(packs, available.packages(),
which=c("Depends", "Imports"), recursive=TRUE)
)
packages <- union(packages, packs)
packages
}
# packages I want
my_packages <- c('stringr', 'devtools', 'ggplot2', 'dplyr', 'tidyr', 'rmarkdown', 'knitr', 'reshape2', 'gdata')
# get names of dependencies and try to get them in the right order, this seems ridiculous...
my_packages_and_dependencies <- getPackages(my_packages)
dependencies_only <- setdiff(my_packages_and_dependencies, my_packages)
deps_of_deps <- getPackages(dependencies_only)
deps_of_deps_of_deps <- getPackages(deps_of_deps)
my_packages_and_dependencies <- unique(c(deps_of_deps_of_deps, deps_of_deps, dependencies_only, my_packages))
# where to keep the source?
local_CRAN <- paste0(getwd(), "/local_CRAN")
# get them from CRAN, source files
download.packages(pkgs = my_packages_and_dependencies, destdir = local_CRAN, type = "source")
# note that 'tools', 'methods', 'utils, 'stats', etc. art not on CRAN, but are part of base
# from http://stackoverflow.com/a/10841614/1036500
library(tools)
write_PACKAGES(local_CRAN)
现在假设我在另一台全新安装了 R 和 RStudio（以及 Rtools 或 Xcode）且没有互联网连接的计算机上，我插入 U 盘，打开 RProj 文件以设置工作目录，然后运行此脚本：
#############################################################
## Install from source (Windows/OSX/Linux)
# What do I want to install?
my_packages_and_dependencies <- c("methods", "tools", "bitops", "stats", "colorspace", "graphics",
"tcltk", "Rcpp", "digest", "jsonlite", "mime", "RCurl", "R6",
"stringr", "brew", "grid", "RColorBrewer", "dichromat", "munsell",
"plyr", "labeling", "grDevices", "utils", "httr", "memoise",
"whisker", "evaluate", "rstudioapi", "roxygen2", "gtable", "scales",
"proto", "MASS", "assertthat", "magrittr", "lazyeval", "DBI",
"stringi", "yaml", "htmltools", "caTools", "formatR", "highr",
"markdown", "gtools", "devtools", "ggplot2", "dplyr", "tidyr",
"rmarkdown", "knitr", "reshape2", "gdata")
# where are the source files?
local_CRAN <- paste0(getwd(), "/local_CRAN")
# scan all packages and get files names of wanted source pckgs
# I've got other things in this dir also
wanted_package_source_filenames <- list.files(local_CRAN, pattern = "tar.gz", full.names = TRUE)
# put them in order to make sure deps go first, room for improvement here...
trims <- c(local_CRAN, "/", "tar.gz")
x1 <- gsub(paste(trims, collapse = "|"), "", wanted_package_source_filenames)
x2 <- sapply( strsplit(x1, "_"), "[[", 1)
idx <- match(my_packages_and_dependencies, x2)
wanted_package_source_filenames <- na.omit(wanted_package_source_filenames[idx])
install.packages(wanted_package_source_filenames,
repos = NULL,
dependencies = TRUE,
contrib.url = local_CRAN, # I thought this would take care of getting dependencies automatically...
type = "source" )
这工作得相当好，但仍然有一些软件包无法安装：
sapply(my_packages_and_dependencies, require, character.only = TRUE)
methods tools bitops stats
TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
colorspace graphics tcltk Rcpp
TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
digest jsonlite mime RCurl
TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE
R6 stringr brew grid
TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
RColorBrewer dichromat munsell plyr
TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
labeling grDevices utils httr
TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE
memoise whisker evaluate rstudioapi
TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
roxygen2 gtable scales proto
TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
MASS assertthat magrittr lazyeval
TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
DBI stringi yaml htmltools
TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
caTools formatR highr markdown
TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
gtools devtools ggplot2 dplyr
TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE
tidyr rmarkdown knitr reshape2
FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE
gdata
TRUE
Warning messages:
1: In library(package, lib.loc = lib.loc, character.only = TRUE, logical.return = TRUE, :
there is no package called ‘RCurl’
2: In library(package, lib.loc = lib.loc, character.only = TRUE, logical.return = TRUE, :
there is no package called ‘httr’
3: In library(package, lib.loc = lib.loc, character.only = TRUE, logical.return = TRUE, :
there is no package called ‘devtools’
4: In library(package, lib.loc = lib.loc, character.only = TRUE, logical.return = TRUE, :
there is no package called ‘ggplot2’
5: In library(package, lib.loc = lib.loc, character.only = TRUE, logical.return = TRUE, :
there is no package called ‘tidyr’
6: In library(package, lib.loc = lib.loc, character.only = TRUE, logical.return = TRUE, :
there is no package called ‘rmarkdown’
似乎 knitr 必须在 rmarkdown 之前，reshape2 在 tidyr 和 ggplot2 之前，等等。
必须有一个更简单和更完整的解决方案来解决以非常特定的顺序获取源文件列表的问题，需要将所有依赖项按正确的顺序放置。最简单的方法是什么（不使用任何贡献的包）？
这是我目前正在使用的系统，我正在使用包的源版本试图为离线计算机（OSX/Linux/Windows）的任何东西做准备：
> sessionInfo()
R version 3.1.2 (2014-10-31)
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_United States.1252
[2] LC_CTYPE=English_United States.1252
[3] LC_MONETARY=English_United States.1252
[4] LC_NUMERIC=C
[5] LC_TIME=English_United States.1252
attached base packages:
[1] tcltk grid tools stats graphics
[6] grDevices utils datasets methods base
other attached packages:
[1] gdata_2.13.3 reshape2_1.4.1
[3] knitr_1.9 dplyr_0.4.1
[5] gtools_3.4.1 markdown_0.7.4
[7] highr_0.4 formatR_1.0
[9] caTools_1.17.1 htmltools_0.2.6
[11] yaml_2.1.13 stringi_0.4-1
[13] DBI_0.3.1 lazyeval_0.1.10
[15] magrittr_1.5 assertthat_0.1
[17] proto_0.3-10 scales_0.2.4
[19] gtable_0.1.2 roxygen2_4.1.0
[21] rstudioapi_0.2 evaluate_0.5.5
[23] whisker_0.3-2 memoise_0.2.1
[25] labeling_0.3 plyr_1.8.1
[27] munsell_0.4.2 dichromat_2.0-0
[29] RColorBrewer_1.1-2 brew_1.0-6
[31] stringr_0.6.2 R6_2.0.1
[33] mime_0.2 jsonlite_0.9.14
[35] digest_0.6.8 Rcpp_0.11.4
[37] colorspace_1.2-5 bitops_1.0-6
[39] MASS_7.3-35
loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] parallel_3.1.2
在 Andrie 的有用评论之后进行编辑，我尝试了 miniCRAN，小插图中缺少的一点是如何从本地 repo 实际安装软件包。这是我尝试过的：
library("miniCRAN")
# Specify list of packages to download
pkgs <- c('stringr', 'devtools', 'ggplot2', 'dplyr', 'tidyr', 'rmarkdown', 'knitr', 'reshape2', 'gdata')
# Make list of package URLs
revolution <- c(CRAN="http://cran.revolutionanalytics.com")
pkgList <- pkgDep(pkgs, repos=revolution, type="source" )
pkgList
# Set location to store source files
local_CRAN <- paste0(getwd(), "/local_CRAN")
# Make repo for source
makeRepo(pkgList, path = local_CRAN, repos = revolution, type = "source")
# install...
install.packages(pkgs,
repos = local_CRAN, # do I really need "file:///"?
dependencies = TRUE,
contrib.url = local_CRAN,
type = "source" )
结果是：
Installing packages into ‘C:/emacs/R/win-library/3.1’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
Warning in install.packages :
unable to access index for repository C:/Users/.../local_CRAN/src/contrib
Warning in install.packages :
packages ‘stringr’, ‘devtools’, ‘ggplot2’, ‘dplyr’, ‘tidyr’, ‘rmarkdown’, ‘knitr’, ‘reshape2’, ‘gdata’ are not available (for R version 3.1.2)
我在这里想念什么？
编辑是的，我错过了正确使用file:///，应该是这样的：
install.packages(pkgs,
repos = paste0("file:///", local_CRAN),
type = "source")
这让我很感动，现在一切基本上都按预期工作。非常感谢。现在我只需要查看: fatal error: curl/curl.h: No such file or directory，这会阻止 RCurl 和 httr 安装。