我一直在编写几个包含嵌套迭代器类的类模板,需要对其进行相等比较。我认为这是相当典型的,比较是使用非成员(和非朋友)operator==
函数执行的。这样做时,我的编译器(我正在使用带有 flags 的 Mingw32 GCC 4.4 -O3 -g -Wall
)无法找到该函数,并且我已经用完了可能的原因。
在下面相当大的代码块中,有三个类:一个 Base 类、一个包含 Base 对象的 Composed 类和一个与 Composed 类相同的 Nested 类,只是它嵌套在 Outer 类中。operator==
为每个提供非成员函数。这些类采用模板化和非模板化形式(在它们各自的命名空间中),后者相当于前者专门用于无符号整数。
在main
中,比较每个类的两个相同对象。对于未模板化的情况没有问题,但对于模板化的情况,编译器找不到operator==
. 这是怎么回事?
#include <iostream>
namespace templated {
template<typename T>
class Base {
T t_;
public:
explicit Base(const T& t) : t_(t) {}
bool
equal(const Base& x) const {
return x.t_==t_;
}
};
template<typename T>
bool
operator==(const Base<T> &x, const Base<T> &y) {
return x.equal(y);
}
template<typename T>
class Composed {
typedef Base<T> Base_;
Base_ base_;
public:
explicit Composed(const T& t) : base_(t) {}
bool equal(const Composed& x) const {return x.base_==base_;}
};
template<typename T>
bool
operator==(const Composed<T> &x, const Composed<T> &y) {
return x.equal(y);
}
template<typename T>
class Outer {
public:
class Nested {
typedef Base<T> Base_;
Base_ base_;
public:
explicit Nested(const T& t) : base_(t) {}
bool equal(const Nested& x) const {return x.base_==base_;}
};
};
template<typename T>
bool
operator==(const typename Outer<T>::Nested &x,
const typename Outer<T>::Nested &y) {
return x.equal(y);
}
} // namespace templated
namespace untemplated {
class Base {
unsigned int t_;
public:
explicit Base(const unsigned int& t) : t_(t) {}
bool
equal(const Base& x) const {
return x.t_==t_;
}
};
bool
operator==(const Base &x, const Base &y) {
return x.equal(y);
}
class Composed {
typedef Base Base_;
Base_ base_;
public:
explicit Composed(const unsigned int& t) : base_(t) {}
bool equal(const Composed& x) const {return x.base_==base_;}
};
bool
operator==(const Composed &x, const Composed &y) {
return x.equal(y);
}
class Outer {
public:
class Nested {
typedef Base Base_;
Base_ base_;
public:
explicit Nested(const unsigned int& t) : base_(t) {}
bool equal(const Nested& x) const {return x.base_==base_;}
};
};
bool
operator==(const Outer::Nested &x,
const Outer::Nested &y) {
return x.equal(y);
}
} // namespace untemplated
int main() {
using std::cout;
unsigned int testVal=3;
{ // No templates first
typedef untemplated::Base Base_t;
Base_t a(testVal);
Base_t b(testVal);
cout << "a=b=" << testVal << "\n";
cout << "a==b ? " << (a==b ? "TRUE" : "FALSE") << "\n";
typedef untemplated::Composed Composed_t;
Composed_t c(testVal);
Composed_t d(testVal);
cout << "c=d=" << testVal << "\n";
cout << "c==d ? " << (c==d ? "TRUE" : "FALSE") << "\n";
typedef untemplated::Outer::Nested Nested_t;
Nested_t e(testVal);
Nested_t f(testVal);
cout << "e=f=" << testVal << "\n";
cout << "e==f ? " << (e==f ? "TRUE" : "FALSE") << "\n";
}
{ // Now with templates
typedef templated::Base<unsigned int> Base_t;
Base_t a(testVal);
Base_t b(testVal);
cout << "a=b=" << testVal << "\n";
cout << "a==b ? " << (a==b ? "TRUE" : "FALSE") << "\n";
typedef templated::Composed<unsigned int> Composed_t;
Composed_t c(testVal);
Composed_t d(testVal);
cout << "c=d=" << testVal << "\n";
cout << "d==c ? " << (c==d ? "TRUE" : "FALSE") << "\n";
typedef templated::Outer<unsigned int>::Nested Nested_t;
Nested_t e(testVal);
Nested_t f(testVal);
cout << "e=f=" << testVal << "\n";
cout << "e==f ? " << (e==f ? "TRUE" : "FALSE") << "\n";
// Above line causes compiler error:
// error: no match for 'operator==' in 'e == f'
}
cout << std::endl;
return 0;
}