虽然我昨天对一个问题给出了这个答案，但我建议使用虚拟列来计算值，而不是手动更新它。
我自己做了一个测试，发现了连接两个NUMBER类型列时虚拟列表达式所占用的数据大小的问题。但是，连接两个字符时没有问题。
数据库版本：
SQL> select banner from v$version where rownum = 1;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL>
测试用例 1：连接字符串
SQL> CREATE TABLE t(
2 ID varchar2(2),
3 num varchar2(2),
4 text VARCHAR2(10) generated always as (id||'_'||num) VIRTUAL
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES ('a', 'e');
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES ('b', 'f');
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES ('c', 'g');
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM T;
ID NU TEXT
-- -- ----------
a e a_e
b f b_f
c g c_g
SQL>
因此，连接两个字符类型列没有问题。
测试用例 2：连接数字
SQL> CREATE TABLE t(
2 ID NUMBER,
3 num NUMBER,
4 text VARCHAR2(10) generated always as (to_char(id)||'_'||to_char(num)) VIRTUAL
5 );
text VARCHAR2(10) generated always as (to_char(id)||'_'||to_char(num)) VIRTUAL
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEXT" (actual: 10, maximum: 81)
不允许？哼！让我们增加尺寸 -
SQL> CREATE TABLE t(
2 ID NUMBER,
3 num NUMBER,
4 text VARCHAR2(81) generated always as (to_char(id)||'_'||to_char(num)) VIRTUAL
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (1, 4);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (2, 5);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (3, 6);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM T;
ID NUM
---------- ----------
TEXT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 4
1_4
2 5
2_5
3 6
3_6
SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> SELECT * FROM T;
ID NUM TEXT
---------- ---------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 4 1_4
2 5 2_5
3 6 3_6
SQL>
那么现在发生了什么？表已经创建，但是为什么VIRTUAL COLUMN在预期的数据大小只有 3 个字节时占用这么大的大小，但它需要81 个字节。
检查长度，值是正确的，但是，数据量要大得多。例如，我希望长度为 3，因此我将列的大小声明为 10 个字节。但是虚拟列表达式产生的值远不止于此。
SQL> CREATE TABLE t(
2 ID NUMBER,
3 num NUMBER,
4 text VARCHAR2(10) generated always as (length(to_char(id)||'_'||to_char(num))) VIRTUAL
5 );
text VARCHAR2(10) generated always as (length(to_char(id)||'_'||to_char(num))) VIRTUAL
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEXT" (actual: 10, maximum: 40)
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE t(
2 ID NUMBER,
3 num NUMBER,
4 text VARCHAR2(81) generated always as (length(to_char(id)||'_'||to_char(num))) VIRTUAL
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (1, 4);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (2, 5);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (3, 6);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM T;
ID NUM TEXT
---------- ---------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 4 3
2 5 3
3 6 3
SQL> clear columns
columns cleared
SQL> SELECT * FROM T;
ID NUM TEXT
---------- ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 4 3
2 5 3
3 6 3
任何见解都非常受欢迎。
UDPATE感谢 Alex Poole。我没有考虑隐式转换，所以我不关心显式 CAST 表达式。所以，下面的作品 -
SQL> DROP TABLE t PURGE;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE t(
2 ID NUMBER,
3 num NUMBER,
4 text VARCHAR2(10) generated always as (cast(to_char(id)||'_'||to_char(num) as varchar2(3))) VIRTUAL
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (1, 4);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (2, 5);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (3, 6);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM T;
ID NUM TEXT
---------- ---------- ----------
1 4 1_4
2 5 2_5
3 6 3_6
SQL>