c# - 是否有内置方法来比较 IEnumerable（通过他们的元素）？

Question

我想比较给定类型的元素列表，看看哪个列表“更大”。

new BuiltInComparer<IEnumerable<int>>().Compare(
    new[] {3,2,3}, 
    new[] {1,2,3})

...将返回 1

new BuiltInComparer<IEnumerable<int>>().Compare(
    new[] {1,2,3}, 
    new[] {1,2,4})

...将返回 -1 等

有没有这样的内置比较器？

Answer 1

我认为框架中没有内置任何内容 - 正如 Eric 所说，您没有提供比较标准。如果您的意思是“以自然的方式比较元素，并假设“缺失”元素小于任何现有元素”（即，如果它们尽可能相等，则较长的序列击败较短的子序列），那么这样的事情会做它：

public int SequenceCompare<T>(IEnumerable<T> source1, IEnumerable<T> source2)
{
    // TODO: Parameter validation :)
    // You could add an overload with this as a parameter
    IComparer<T> elementComparer = Comparer<T>.Default;       
    using (IEnumerator<T> iterator1 = source1.GetEnumerator())
    using (IEnumerator<T> iterator2 = source2.GetEnumerator())
    {
        while (true)
        {
            bool next1 = iterator1.MoveNext();
            bool next2 = iterator2.MoveNext();
            if (!next1 && !next2) // Both sequences finished
            {
                return 0;
            }
            if (!next1) // Only the first sequence has finished
            {
                return -1;
            }
            if (!next2) // Only the second sequence has finished
            {
                return 1;
            }
            // Both are still going, compare current elements
            int comparison = elementComparer.Compare(iterator1.Current,
                                                     iterator2.Current);
            // If elements are non-equal, we're done
            if (comparison != 0)
            {
                return comparison;
            }
        }
    }
}

Answer 2

更精致的版本：

public static class EnumerableExtensions
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Performs lexical comparison of 2 IEnumerable collections holding elements of type T. 
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">Type of collection elements.</typeparam>
    /// <param name="first">The first collection to compare.</param>
    /// <param name="second">The second collection to compare.</param>
    /// <returns>A signed integer that indicates the relative values of a and b:
    /// Less than zero: first is less than second;
    /// Zero: first is equal to second;
    /// Greater than zero: first is greater than second.
    /// </returns>
    /// <remarks>
    /// Can be called as either static method: EnumerableExtensions.Compare(a, b) or
    /// extension method: a.Compare(b).
    /// </remarks>
    public static int Compare<T>(this IEnumerable<T> first, IEnumerable<T> second)
    {
        // If one of collection objects is null, use the default Comparer class
        // (null is considered to be less than any other object)
        if (first == null || second == null)
            return Comparer.Default.Compare(first, second);

        var elementComparer = Comparer<T>.Default;
        int compareResult;

        using (var firstEnum = first.GetEnumerator())
        using (var secondEnum = second.GetEnumerator())
        {
            do
            {
                bool gotFirst = firstEnum.MoveNext();
                bool gotSecond = secondEnum.MoveNext();

                // Reached the end of collections => assume equal
                if (!gotFirst && !gotSecond)
                    return 0;

                // Different sizes => treat collection of larger size as "greater"
                if (gotFirst != gotSecond)
                    return gotFirst ? 1 : -1;

                compareResult = elementComparer.Compare(firstEnum.Current, secondEnum.Current);
            } while (compareResult == 0);
        }

        return compareResult;
    }
}

Answer 3

如果您使用的是 .NET 4（听起来不像是），我认为您可以使用Enumerable.Zip做一些聪明的事情。就像是：

var r = x.Zip(y, comparer.Compare).FirstOrDefault(c => c != 0);

尽管我现在看不到如何有效地处理较短的与较长的相同的情况，就目前而言。

编辑：如果您只是比较数组（或者不关心两次测量您的集合），那么我认为您可以简单地添加：

if (r == 0) {
    r = int.Compare(x.Count(), y.Count());
}

您甚至可以将这些组合为：

var r = x.Zip(y, comparer.Compare)
         .Concat(new [] { int.Compare(x.Count(), y.Count()) })
         .FirstOrDefault(c => c != 0)

（如果您使用的是 .NET 3.5，那么添加一个 Zip 扩展方法，因为它易于编写并且在所有地方都非常有用！我不知道为什么它没有包含在最初的 Linq 版本中。）

Answer 4

没有内置的比较器。但是，这是经常出现的要求。我在SequenceComparer<T>文章中详细介绍了该主题。这是一个简化的实现：

public class SequenceComparer<TElement> : Comparer<IEnumerable<TElement>>
{
    private readonly IComparer<TElement> _elementComparer;

    public SequenceComparer(IComparer<TElement> elementComparer = null)
    {
        _elementComparer = elementComparer ?? Comparer<TElement>.Default;
    }

    public override int Compare(IEnumerable<TElement> x, IEnumerable<TElement> y)
    {
        // Get enumerators to iterate over both sequences in sync.
        using (IEnumerator<TElement> xEnumerator = x.GetEnumerator())
        using (IEnumerator<TElement> yEnumerator = y.GetEnumerator())
        {
            // Advance both enumerators to their next element, 
            // until at least one passes the end of its sequence.
            bool xMove, yMove;
            while ((xMove = xEnumerator.MoveNext()) &&
                   (yMove = yEnumerator.MoveNext()))
            {
                // Compare the current pair of elements across the two sequences,
                // seeking element inequality.
                int elementComparison = _elementComparer.Compare(xEnumerator.Current, yEnumerator.Current);
                if (elementComparison != 0)
                    return elementComparison;
            }

            // Determine the relative length of the two sequences based on the final values of xMove and yMove.
            return xMove.CompareTo(yMove);
        }
    }
}