当我运行 Android 仪器测试时，为什么会出现此异常？
30416-30566/com.example.myapp I/TestRunner﹕ java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com.google.common.base.Optional
at com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.base.ThreadPoolExecutorExtractor.getAsyncTaskThreadPool(ThreadPoolExecutorExtractor.java:54)
at com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.base.BaseLayerModule.provideSdkAsyncTaskMonitor(BaseLayerModule.java:83)
at com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.base.BaseLayerModule$$ModuleAdapter$ProvideSdkAsyncTaskMonitorProvidesAdapter.get(BaseLayerModule$$ModuleAdapter.java:326)
at com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.base.BaseLayerModule$$ModuleAdapter$ProvideSdkAsyncTaskMonitorProvidesAdapter.get(BaseLayerModule$$ModuleAdapter.java:290)
at dagger.internal.Linker$SingletonBinding.get(Linker.java:364)
at com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.base.UiControllerImpl$$InjectAdapter.get(UiControllerImpl$$InjectAdapter.java:64)
at com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.base.UiControllerImpl$$InjectAdapter.get(UiControllerImpl$$InjectAdapter.java:19)
at dagger.internal.Linker$SingletonBinding.get(Linker.java:364)
at com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.base.BaseLayerModule$$ModuleAdapter$ProvideUiControllerProvidesAdapter.get(BaseLayerModule$$ModuleAdapter.java:176)
at com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.base.BaseLayerModule$$ModuleAdapter$ProvideUiControllerProvidesAdapter.get(BaseLayerModule$$ModuleAdapter.java:140)
at com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.ViewInteraction$$InjectAdapter.get(ViewInteraction$$InjectAdapter.java:67)
at com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.ViewInteraction$$InjectAdapter.get(ViewInteraction$$InjectAdapter.java:19)
at dagger.ObjectGraph$DaggerObjectGraph.get(ObjectGraph.java:272)
at com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.Espresso.onView(Espresso.java:51)
at com.example.espresso.myapp.filtering.MyTest.testSomething(MyTest.java:51)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:525)
at android.test.InstrumentationTestCase.runMethod(InstrumentationTestCase.java:214)
at android.test.InstrumentationTestCase.runTest(InstrumentationTestCase.java:199)
at android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2.runTest(ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2.java:192)
at junit.framework.TestCase.runBare(TestCase.java:134)
at junit.framework.TestResult$1.protect(TestResult.java:115)
at junit.framework.TestResult.runProtected(TestResult.java:133)
at junit.framework.TestResult.run(TestResult.java:118)
at junit.framework.TestCase.run(TestCase.java:124)
at android.test.AndroidTestRunner.runTest(AndroidTestRunner.java:191)
at android.test.AndroidTestRunner.runTest(AndroidTestRunner.java:176)
at android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner.onStart(InstrumentationTestRunner.java:554)
at com.google.android.apps.common.testing.testrunner.GoogleInstrumentationTestRunner.onStart(GoogleInstrumentationTestRunner.java:167)
at android.app.Instrumentation$InstrumentationThread.run(Instrumentation.java:1738)
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com.google.common.base.Optional
at com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.base.ThreadPoolExecutorExtractor$5.call(ThreadPoolExecutorExtractor.java:135)
at com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.base.ThreadPoolExecutorExtractor$5.call(ThreadPoolExecutorExtractor.java:130)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:234)
at com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.base.ThreadPoolExecutorExtractor$1.run(ThreadPoolExecutorExtractor.java:76)
at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:730)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:92)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:137)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5419)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:525)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:1209)
at com.
这是我的 build.gradle：
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'com.neenbedankt.android-apt'
apply plugin: 'android'
apply plugin: 'robolectric'
android {
compileSdkVersion 21
buildToolsVersion "21.1.0"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.example.myapp"
minSdkVersion 18
targetSdkVersion 21
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
testInstrumentationRunner "com.google.android.apps.common.testing.testrunner.GoogleInstrumentationTestRunner"
testApplicationId 'com.example.myapptest'
testHandleProfiling true
testFunctionalTest true
multiDexEnabled true
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
sourceSets {
androidTest {
setRoot('src/test')
}
}
packagingOptions {
exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt'
exclude 'LICENSE.txt'
exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE'
exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE'
exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE.txt'
}
dexOptions {
jumboMode true
}
}
robolectric {
include '**/*Test.class'
exclude '**/espresso/**/*Test.class'
}
configurations {
apt
}
apt {
arguments {
// resourcePackageName android.defaultConfig.packageName
resourcePackageName 'com.example.myapp'
androidManifestFile variant.outputs[0].processResources.manifestFile
}
}
ext {
daggerVersion = '1.2.2';
androidAnnotationsVersion = '3.2';
robobindingVersion = '0.8.9';
jodatimeVersion = '2.5.1';
ormliteVersion = '4.48';
ottoVersion = '1.3.5';
commonsioVersion = '2.0.1';
playservicesVersion = '6.1.71';
supportv4Version = '21.0.2';
javaxinjectVersion = '1';
junitVersion = '4.11';
robolectricVersion = '2.4';
}
dependencies {
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
androidTestCompile('com.jakewharton.espresso:espresso:1.1-r3') {
exclude group: 'com.squareup.dagger'
exclude group: 'com.google.guava', module: 'guava'
exclude group: 'com.android.support'
exclude group: 'org.hamcrest', module: 'hamcrest-integration'
}
androidTestCompile ('com.jakewharton.espresso:espresso-support-v4:1.1-r3') {
exclude group: 'com.squareup.dagger'
exclude group: 'com.google.guava', module: 'guava'
exclude group: 'com.android.support'
exclude group: 'org.hamcrest', module: 'hamcrest-integration'
}
androidTestCompile("junit:junit:${junitVersion}") {
exclude group: 'org.hamcrest'
}
androidTestCompile('com.squareup:fest-android:1.0.7') {
exclude group: 'com.android.support'
}
// androidTestCompile group: 'com.google.guava', name: 'guava', version: '16.0'
androidTestCompile("org.robolectric:robolectric:${robolectricVersion}") {
exclude module: 'classworlds'
exclude module: 'commons-logging'
exclude module: 'httpclient'
exclude module: 'maven-artifact'
exclude module: 'maven-artifact-manager'
exclude module: 'maven-error-diagnostics'
exclude module: 'maven-model'
exclude module: 'maven-project'
exclude module: 'maven-settings'
exclude module: 'plexus-container-default'
exclude module: 'plexus-interpolation'
exclude module: 'plexus-utils'
exclude module: 'wagon-file'
exclude module: 'wagon-http-lightweight'
exclude module: 'wagon-provider-api'
}
compile 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.0'
apt("org.robobinding:codegen:$robobindingVersion") {
exclude group: 'com.google.guava', module: 'guava'
}
compile("org.robobinding:robobinding:$robobindingVersion:with-dependencies") {
exclude group: 'com.google.guava', module: 'guava'
}
apt "org.androidannotations:androidannotations:${androidAnnotationsVersion}"
compile "org.androidannotations:androidannotations-api:${androidAnnotationsVersion}"
apt("com.squareup.dagger:dagger-compiler:${daggerVersion}") {
// exclude group: 'com.google.guava', module: 'guava'
}
compile "com.squareup.dagger:dagger:${daggerVersion}"
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
compile "com.google.android.gms:play-services:${playservicesVersion}"
compile "com.android.support:support-v4:${supportv4Version}"
compile "com.squareup:otto:${ottoVersion}"
compile "javax.inject:javax.inject:${javaxinjectVersion}"
compile "com.j256.ormlite:ormlite-core:${ormliteVersion}"
compile "com.j256.ormlite:ormlite-android:${ormliteVersion}"
compile group: 'commons-io', name: 'commons-io', version: "${commonsioVersion}"
compile "net.danlew:android.joda:${jodatimeVersion}"
}
apply plugin: 'idea'
idea {
module {
testOutputDir = file('build/test-classes/debug')
}
}
android.applicationVariants.all { variant ->
def aptOutput = file("${project.buildDir}/generated/source/apt/${variant.dirName}")
println "****************************"
println "variant: ${variant.name}"
println "manifest: ${variant.outputs[0].processResources.manifestFile}"
println "aptOutput: ${aptOutput}"
println "****************************"
variant.javaCompile.doFirst {
println "*** compile doFirst ${variant.name}"
aptOutput.mkdirs()
variant.javaCompile.options.compilerArgs += [
'-processorpath', configurations.apt.getAsPath(),
'-AandroidManifestFile=' + variant.outputs[0].processResources.manifestFile,
'-s', aptOutput
]
}
}
这是我的代码中引发异常的行：
onView(withId(R.id.a_button)).perform(click());
它可能与番石榴有关，但我不知道如何正确包含和/或排除它。
提前谢谢了！