30

我正在使用 Python 3.4 和 Django 1.7。我有一个返回的视图JsonResponse

def add_item_to_collection(request):
    #(...)
    return JsonResponse({'status':'success'})

我想验证该视图是否使用单元测试返回正确的响应:

class AddItemToCollectionTest(TestCase):

    def test_success_when_not_added_before(self):
        response = self.client.post('/add-item-to-collection')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertJSONEqual(response.content, {'status': 'success'})

但是,该assertJSONEqual()行引发了一个异常:

Error
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "E:\Projects\collecthub\app\collecthub\collecting\tests.py", line 148, in test_success_when_added_before
    self.assertJSONEqual(response.content, {'status': 'OK'})
  File "E:\Projects\collecthub\venv\lib\site-packages\django\test\testcases.py", line 675, in assertJSONEqual
    data = json.loads(raw)
  File "C:\Python34\Lib\json\__init__.py", line 312, in loads
    s.__class__.__name__))
TypeError: the JSON object must be str, not 'bytes'

当响应包含 JSON 时,检查响应内容的正确方法是什么?当我尝试将原始值与 dict in 进行比较时,为什么会出现类型错误assertJSONEqual()

4

2 回答 2

45

看起来您正在使用 Python 3,因此您需要response.content先将其转换为 UTF-8 编码字符串,然后再将其传递给self.assertJSONEqual

class AddItemToCollectionTest(TestCase):

    def test_success_when_not_added_before(self):
        response = self.client.post('/add-item-to-collection')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertJSONEqual(
            str(response.content, encoding='utf8'),
            {'status': 'success'}
        )

如果您想同时支持 Python 2.7 和 Python 3,请使用sixdjango附带的兼容性库:

from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.utils import six

class AddItemToCollectionTest(TestCase):

    def test_success_when_not_added_before(self):
        response = self.client.post('/add-item-to-collection')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

        response_content = response.content
        if six.PY3:
            response_content = str(response_content, encoding='utf8')

        self.assertJSONEqual(
            response_content,
            {'status': 'success'}
        )
于 2015-02-08T21:39:09.823 回答
10

与 respondcreate 的解决方案类似,您也可以使用 Django 的force_text(从 1.5 版开始提供),以获得更短的跨平台解决方案:

from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.utils.encoding import force_text

class AddItemToCollectionTest(TestCase):

    def test_success_when_not_added_before(self):
        response = self.client.post('/add-item-to-collection')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

        self.assertJSONEqual(force_text(response.content), {'status': 'success'})
于 2015-10-04T09:00:23.483 回答