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我有一个 MFC 应用程序。我想跟踪每个动态内存分配(在堆上),以便能够找出该应用程序中内存泄漏的来源。IDE 是 Visual Studio 2010。

我做了以下事情:

  • 引入了一个名为“MEMORY_LEAK_FINDER”的预处理器指令。
  • 添加了一个名为“CMemLeakHunter”的类,您可以在下面找到这些文件的确切内容。
  • 这个想法是重载每个新的操作符(全部 3 个:new、new[] 和 CObject::new)并使用它们来跟踪分配内存的位置(文件、行)。在执行结束时,我想使用“CMemoryState”类将内存泄漏的位置带到输出,因此我最终可以将分配的跟踪与 CMemoryState 的比较(差异)跟踪进行比较。

问题是,应用程序编译(在 VS 2010 调试模式下),但出现以下链接器错误:

错误 4 错误 LNK2005: "void * __cdecl operator new[](unsigned int,char const *,int)" (??_U@YAPAXIPBDH@Z) 已在 CMemLeakHunter.obj E:\Software\Nafxcwd.lib(afxmem. obj) 错误 3 错误 LNK2005: "void * __cdecl operator new(unsigned int,char const *,int)" (??2@YAPAXIPBDH@Z) 已在 CMemLeakHunter.obj E:\Software\Nafxcwd.lib(afxmem. obj) 错误 5 错误 LNK2005: "public: static void * __stdcall CObject::operator new(unsigned int,char const *,int)" (??2CObject@@SGPAXIPBDH@Z) 已在 CMemLeakHunter.obj E:\Software 中定义\Nafxcwd.lib(afxmem.obj) 错误 6 错误 LNK1169: 找到一个或多个多重定义符号 E:\Software\Module1.exe 1

我用谷歌搜索发现,忽略库Nafxcwd.lib可能会解决问题。在我的应用程序中,我尝试了,但忽略了该库,另一个 17000 链接器错误(未解决的外部)。

其他依赖项是:Nafxcwd.lib;Ws2_32.lib;Version.lib

忽略特定的默认库是:msvcprtd.lib;libcimtd.lib;libcmt.lib

我不能那么容易地拆分软件,因此我寻求帮助:如果我使用 MFC 并且我需要使用上面提到的 .lib 文件,我如何跟踪我自己的应用程序完成的内存分配?有什么解决办法?请帮助我解决此问题,以便能够跟踪内存分配以找出泄漏的可能来源。如果他们能够做到这一点,我也愿意使用另一个 MFC 内置例程。但是,我自己没有发现任何有用的东西。

头文件CMemLeakHunter.hpp的写法如下:

#ifndef _MEM_LEAK_HUNTER_
#define _MEM_LEAK_HUNTER_

#ifdef MEMORY_LEAK_FINDER
#pragma message("Macro MEMORY_LEAK_FINDER is active, overloading new...")

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <map>
using std::map;

#undef new
void* operator new(size_t size, LPCSTR file, int line);
void* operator new[](size_t size, LPCSTR file, int line);
#define new new(__FILE__, __LINE__)

namespace
{
    static const size_t LOG_BUFFER_SIZE = 2;
    static const size_t DEFAULT_BUFFER_LINE_SIZE = 512;
}

class CMemLeakHunter
{
public:
    static CMemLeakHunter& singleton();

    void startMemoryTrace(const char* leakPath, const char* allocPath);
    void endMemoryTrace();

    void addMemory(void* area, size_t size, LPCSTR file, int line);
    void deleteMemory(void* area, LPCSTR file, int line);

private:
    void flushAllocLog();
    void filterTrace();

    map<DWORD, size_t> mMemChunks;
    CString sLogBuffer[LOG_BUFFER_SIZE];
    size_t nLogBufferLines;

    CMemoryState oldMemState;
    CMemoryState newMemState;
    CMemoryState diffMemState;

    CString sMemLeakTracePath;
    CString sMemAllocTracePath;

    static CMutex s_oObjMutex;
};

#endif // MEMORY_LEAK_FINDER

#endif // _MEM_LEAK_HUNTER_

源文件CMemLeakHunter.cpp的写法如下:

#include "CMemLeakHunter.hpp"

#ifdef MEMORY_LEAK_FINDER
#pragma message("Memory-Leak finder is activated, building functions for the class...")

#undef new
void* operator new(size_t size, LPCSTR file, int line)
{
    void* pArea = ::operator new(size);
    CMemLeakHunter::singleton().addMemory(pArea, size, file, line);
    return pArea;
}

void* operator new[](size_t size, LPCSTR file, int line)
{
    void* pArea = ::operator new[](size);
    CMemLeakHunter::singleton().addMemory(pArea, size, file, line);
    return pArea;
}

void* PASCAL CObject::operator new(size_t size, LPCSTR file, int line)
{
    void* pArea = CObject::operator new(size);
    CMemLeakHunter::singleton().addMemory(pArea, size, file, line);
    return pArea;
}

CMutex CMemLeakHunter::s_oObjMutex;

CMemLeakHunter& CMemLeakHunter::singleton()
{
    static CMemLeakHunter theSingleObject;
    return theSingleObject;
}

void CMemLeakHunter::startMemoryTrace(const char* leakPath, const char* allocPath)
{
    sMemLeakTracePath = leakPath;
    sMemAllocTracePath = allocPath;

    oldMemState.Checkpoint();

    for(size_t i=0; i<LOG_BUFFER_SIZE; i++)
    {
        sLogBuffer[i] = CString('\0', DEFAULT_BUFFER_LINE_SIZE);
    }
}

void CMemLeakHunter::endMemoryTrace()
{
    newMemState.Checkpoint();
    if(FALSE != diffMemState.Difference(oldMemState, newMemState))
    {
        CFile oDumpFile;
        if(TRUE == oDumpFile.Open(sMemLeakTracePath, CFile::modeCreate | CFile::modeReadWrite | CFile::shareDenyWrite))
        {
            CFile* oldContext = afxDump.m_pFile;
            afxDump.m_pFile = &oDumpFile;

            diffMemState.DumpStatistics();
            oDumpFile.Write("\n", 1);
            diffMemState.DumpAllObjectsSince();

            oDumpFile.Close();

            afxDump.m_pFile = oldContext;
        }
        else
        {
            // TODO: log that file cannot be created!!!
        }
    }

    flushAllocLog();
    filterTrace();
}

void CMemLeakHunter::addMemory(void* area, size_t size, LPCSTR file, int line)
{
    CSingleLock oMemHunterTraceLock(&s_oObjMutex, TRUE);

    DWORD nAreaAddr = reinterpret_cast<DWORD>(area);
    mMemChunks[nAreaAddr] = size;

    if(nLogBufferLines >= LOG_BUFFER_SIZE)
    {
        flushAllocLog();
    }

    sLogBuffer[nLogBufferLines++].Format("### Memory allocation: Address 0x%08X, Size: %u, File: '%s', Line: %d\n", nAreaAddr, size, file, line);
}

void CMemLeakHunter::deleteMemory(void* area, LPCSTR file, int line)
{
    CSingleLock oMemHunterTraceLock(&s_oObjMutex, TRUE);

    DWORD nAreaAddr = reinterpret_cast<DWORD>(area);
    mMemChunks.erase(nAreaAddr);

    if(nLogBufferLines >= LOG_BUFFER_SIZE)
    {
        flushAllocLog();
    }

    sLogBuffer[nLogBufferLines++].Format("!!! Memory release: Address 0x%08X, File: '%s', Line: %d\n", nAreaAddr, file, line);
}

void CMemLeakHunter::flushAllocLog()
{
    CStdioFile oAllocFile;
    if(FALSE == PathFileExists(sMemAllocTracePath))
    {
        oAllocFile.Open(sMemAllocTracePath, CFile::modeCreate);
        oAllocFile.Close();
    }

    if(TRUE == oAllocFile.Open(sMemAllocTracePath, CFile::modeReadWrite | CFile::shareDenyWrite))
    {
        oAllocFile.SeekToEnd();
        for(size_t i=0; i<min(nLogBufferLines, LOG_BUFFER_SIZE); i++)
        {
            oAllocFile.WriteString(sLogBuffer[i]);
        }

        oAllocFile.Close();
    }
    else
    {
        // TODO: log that file cannot be accessed!!!
    }

    nLogBufferLines = 0;
}

void CMemLeakHunter::filterTrace()
{
    CStdioFile oAllocFile;
    if(TRUE == oAllocFile.Open(sMemAllocTracePath, CFile::modeRead | CFile::shareDenyWrite))
    {
        CString sFilterTraceFile;
        sFilterTraceFile.Format("filter_%s", sMemAllocTracePath);

        CStdioFile oFilterAllocFile;
        if(TRUE == oFilterAllocFile.Open(sFilterTraceFile, CFile::modeCreate | CFile::modeReadWrite | CFile::shareDenyWrite))
        {
            for (std::map<DWORD, size_t>::iterator it=mMemChunks.begin(); it!=mMemChunks.end(); it++)
            {
                CString addrHex;
                addrHex.Format("0x%08X", it->first);

                CString sLine;
                while(FALSE != oAllocFile.ReadString(sLine))
                {
                    if(sLine.Find(addrHex) > -1)
                    {
                        CString sLineWithNewline;
                        sLineWithNewline.Format("%s\n", sLine);
                        oFilterAllocFile.WriteString(sLineWithNewline);
                    }
                }
            }

            oFilterAllocFile.Close();
        }
        else
        {
            // TODO: log that file cannot be created!!!
        }

        oAllocFile.Close();
    }
    else
    {
        // TODO: log that file cannot be accessed!!!
    }
}

#endif // MEMORY_LEAK_FINDER
4

1 回答 1

1

无需自己进行此操作。

在您的 main.cpp 中包括:

#define _CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <crtdbg.h>

在主函数调用的顶部:

#ifdef _DEBUG
_CrtSetDbgFlag ( _CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF | _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF );
#endif

对于要检测泄漏的每个文件,请将其放在顶部:

#ifdef _DEBUG
   #ifndef DBG_NEW
      #define DBG_NEW new ( _NORMAL_BLOCK , __FILE__ , __LINE__ )
      #define new DBG_NEW
   #endif
#endif  // _DEBUG

然后在应用程序退出时将任何检测到的泄漏输出到控制台。

这里

于 2014-12-04T16:16:40.327 回答