sql - 使用其他（不同的）过滤器聚合列

Question

这段代码按预期工作，但我很长而且令人毛骨悚然。

select p.name, p.played, w.won, l.lost from

(select users.name, count(games.name) as played
from users
inner join games on games.player_1_id = users.id
where games.winner_id > 0
group by users.name
union
select users.name, count(games.name) as played
from users
inner join games on games.player_2_id = users.id
where games.winner_id > 0
group by users.name) as p

inner join

(select users.name, count(games.name) as won
from users
inner join games on games.player_1_id = users.id
where games.winner_id = users.id
group by users.name
union
select users.name, count(games.name) as won
from users
inner join games on games.player_2_id = users.id
where games.winner_id = users.id
group by users.name) as w on p.name = w.name

inner join

(select users.name, count(games.name) as lost
from users
inner join games on games.player_1_id = users.id
where games.winner_id != users.id
group by users.name
union
select users.name, count(games.name) as lost
from users
inner join games on games.player_2_id = users.id
where games.winner_id != users.id
group by users.name) as l on l.name = p.name

如您所见，它由 3 个用于检索的重复部分组成：

• 玩家姓名和他们玩的游戏数量
• 玩家姓名和他们赢得的游戏数量
• 玩家姓名和他们输掉的游戏数量

每一个也由两部分组成：

• 玩家姓名和他们作为 player_1 参加的游戏数量
• 玩家姓名和他们作为 player_2 参加的游戏数量

这怎么能简化呢？

结果如下所示：

           name            | played | won | lost 
---------------------------+--------+-----+------
 player_a                  |      5 |   2 |    3
 player_b                  |      3 |   2 |    1
 player_c                  |      2 |   1 |    1

Answer 1

Postgres 9.4或更新版本中的聚合FILTER子句更短更快：

SELECT u.name
     , count(*) FILTER (WHERE g.winner_id  > 0)    AS played
     , count(*) FILTER (WHERE g.winner_id  = u.id) AS won
     , count(*) FILTER (WHERE g.winner_id <> u.id) AS lost
FROM   games g
JOIN   users u ON u.id IN (g.player_1_id, g.player_2_id)
GROUP  BY u.name;

• 手册
• Postgres 维基
• Depesz 博客文章

在 Postgres 9.3（或任何版本）中，这仍然比嵌套的子选择或CASE表达式更短、更快：

SELECT u.name
     , count(g.winner_id  > 0 OR NULL)    AS played
     , count(g.winner_id  = u.id OR NULL) AS won
     , count(g.winner_id <> u.id OR NULL) AS lost
FROM   games g
JOIN   users u ON u.id IN (g.player_1_id, g.player_2_id)
GROUP  BY u.name;

细节：

• 对于绝对性能，SUM 更快还是 COUNT 更快？

Answer 2

select users.name, 
       count(case when games.winner_id > 0 
                  then games.name 
                  else null end) as played,
       count(case when games.winner_id = users.id 
                  then games.name 
                  else null end) as won,
       count(case when games.winner_id != users.id 
                  then games.name 
                  else null end) as lost
from users inner join games 
     on games.player_1_id = users.id or games.player_2_id = users.id
group by users.name;

Answer 3

这是相关子查询可以简化逻辑的情况：

select u.*, (played - won) as lost
from (select u.*,
             (select count(*)
              from games g
              where g.player_1_id = u.id or g.player_2_id = u.id
             ) as played,
             (select count(*)
              from games g
              where g.winner_id = u.id
             ) as won
      from users u
     ) u;

这假设没有关系。