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在我的一个应用程序中，当我开始使用 std::async 时，我引入了内存泄漏。在使用 Dr. memory 工具检查问题后，我发现 std::async 经常泄漏内存。

我做了一个重现问题的快速测试：

#include <Windows.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include <future>

using namespace std;

void testMethod()
{
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        Sleep(10);
}

int main()
{
    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
    {
        auto result = async(launch::async, testMethod);
        result.wait();
    }

    return 1;
}

上面的代码怎么可能在 Windows 上泄漏内存？Linux 上不会出现该问题。Dr. memory 会产生以下日志：

Error #1: REACHABLE LEAK 40 direct bytes 0x007badb8-0x007bade0 + 0 indirect bytes
# 0 replace_operator_new_nomatch                                   [d:\drmemory_package\common\alloc_replace.c:2732]
# 1 MSVCR120D.dll!Concurrency::details::SubAllocator::Alloc        [f:\dd\vctools\crt\crtw32\concrt\suballocator.cpp:201]
# 2 MSVCR120D.dll!Concurrency::details::ExternalContextBase::Alloc [f:\dd\vctools\crt\crtw32\concrt\externalcontextbase.cpp:238]
# 3 MSVCR120D.dll!Concurrency::Alloc                               [f:\dd\vctools\crt\crtw32\concrt\suballocator.cpp:34]
# 4 Concurrency::details::_AllocBase::operator new                 [c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\concrt.h:298]
# 5 Concurrency::task<>::_TaskInitWithFunctor<>                    [c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\ppltasks.h:3982]
# 6 Concurrency::task<>::_TaskInitMaybeFunctor<>                   [c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\ppltasks.h:4551]
# 7 Concurrency::task<>::task<><>                                  [c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\ppltasks.h:4198]
# 8 Concurrency::create_task<>                                     [c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\ppltasks.h:4673]
# 9 std::_Task_async_state<>::_Task_async_state<><>                [c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\future:906]
#10 std::_Get_associated_state<>                                   [c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\future:1859]
#11 std::_Async<>
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